Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Increased vital capacity
• B. Dry skin
• C. Heat intolerance
• D. Decreased mental status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition can lead to a variety of physical and mental symptoms. One common manifestation of malnutrition is a decreased mental status, which includes confusion, lethargy, and cognitive impairment. Dry skin is a typical finding in malnutrition due to the lack of essential nutrients needed for skin health. Heat intolerance is not a direct consequence of malnutrition. While malnutrition can affect respiratory function, it typically leads to decreased vital capacity rather than increased. Therefore, the correct answer is decreased mental status.

2. An estimated _____ percent of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected.

• A. 4%
• B. 21%
• C. 34%
• D. 49%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: '21%'. Approximately 21% of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected. This percentage represents a significant portion of individuals who are not aware of their HIV status, highlighting the importance of increased testing and awareness campaigns. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the estimated percentage provided in the context.

3. Where is Vitamin E commonly found?

• A. produced by bacteria in the GI tract
• B. synthesized by the body through sunlight exposure
• C. associated with beriberi deficiency
• D. present in vegetable oils

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant commonly found in sources like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage. Choices A and B are incorrect as Vitamin E is not produced by bacteria in the GI tract nor synthesized by sunlight exposure. Choice C is incorrect as beriberi is a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), not Vitamin E.

4. Select all that apply. Which nutrients are needed by the body to make hemoglobin?

• A. Iron
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Niacin
• D. Folate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron. Iron is an essential nutrient needed by the body to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. While other nutrients like vitamin B12, niacin, and folate are important for various bodily functions, they are not directly involved in the production of hemoglobin. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and DNA synthesis, niacin is important for metabolism, and folate is crucial for cell division and DNA synthesis. Therefore, only iron is specifically required for hemoglobin production.

5. A healthcare provider is evaluating a client who reports paresthesia of the hands and feet. The provider should identify this manifestation as an indication of which of the following dietary deficiencies?

• A. Iron
• B. Riboflavin
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Correct! Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms, including paresthesia (tingling or numbness) of the hands and feet, due to its role in nerve health. Iron deficiency is more commonly associated with anemia symptoms like fatigue and pallor. Riboflavin deficiency can cause mouth and skin changes. Vitamin C deficiency is linked to scurvy symptoms like bleeding gums and easy bruising.

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