ATI RN
ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical
1. During an assessment, a client with a long history of smoking and suspected laryngeal cancer will most likely report which early manifestation?
- A. Dysphagia
- B. Hoarseness
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Weight loss
Correct answer: B: Hoarseness
Rationale: In clients with laryngeal cancer, hoarseness is often one of the earliest manifestations due to vocal cord involvement. The irritation and inflammation caused by the tumor affect the vocal cords, leading to changes in voice quality. Dysphagia (choice A) typically occurs later as the tumor grows and interferes with swallowing. Dyspnea (choice C) and weight loss (choice D) may occur as the cancer progresses, but hoarseness is usually among the first signs to manifest in laryngeal cancer.
2. In terms of gross motor development, what should the nurse expect an infant age 5 months to do?
- A. Sit erect without support
- B. Roll from the back to the abdomen
- C. Turn from the abdomen to the back
- D. Move from a prone to a sitting position
Correct answer: C
Rationale: At 5 months, infants typically can turn from their abdomen to their back. Rolling from back to abdomen and sitting erect without support occur later.
3. During pregnancy, the placenta __________.
- A. forms in the second trimester of pregnancy
- B. encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid
- C. contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo
- D. delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The placenta delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism during pregnancy. It is a temporary organ that forms in the first trimester of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect as the placenta forms in the first trimester, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect as the amniotic sac, not the placenta, encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid. Choice C is incorrect as the placenta contains blood vessels (arteries and veins) that deliver nutrients to the embryo, not just one large vein.
4. A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care. What statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will soak my feet in warm water every day
- B. I will wear slippers at all times when out of bed
- C. I will apply lotion between my toes after washing my feet
- D. I will cut my toenails straight across
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Wearing slippers or shoes at all times when out of bed is crucial for clients with diabetes mellitus to protect their feet from injury. Option A is incorrect as soaking feet in warm water can lead to dry skin, making it more susceptible to injuries. Option C is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Option D is incorrect as cutting toenails straight across is a good practice but is not directly related to preventing foot injuries in clients with diabetes.
5. In menopausal women, what is the primary goal of estrogen therapy?
- A. To relieve menopausal symptoms
- B. To prevent osteoporosis
- C. To increase calcium absorption
- D. To maintain bone strength
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of estrogen therapy in menopausal women is to prevent osteoporosis by maintaining bone density. Estrogen helps in preserving bone mass and reducing the risk of fractures. While estrogen therapy may alleviate some menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, its primary focus is on bone health rather than symptom management. Increasing calcium absorption and maintaining bone strength are outcomes of preventing osteoporosis rather than the primary goal of estrogen therapy.
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