Nursing Elites

1. Which immunization should the nurse include in a teaching session for parents of toddler-age clients to decrease the risk for epiglottitis?

• A. Hepatitis B
• B. Polio
• C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
• D. Hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine. Hib vaccine is crucial in preventing epiglottitis, a serious respiratory condition caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. This vaccine is recommended for toddlers to protect them from developing epiglottitis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while they are important vaccines for children, they do not specifically target the prevention of epiglottitis, unlike the Hib vaccine.

2. The parents of a 5-year-old child ask the nurse how they can minimize misbehavior. Which responses should the nurse give? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Set clear and reasonable goals
• B. Teach desirable behavior through your own example
• C. Don’t call attention to unacceptable behavior
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Setting clear goals, praising good behavior, and modeling appropriate behavior are effective strategies for minimizing misbehavior in children.

3. What are signs and symptoms of a possible kidney transplant rejection in a child? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Fever
• B. Hypotension
• C. All are applicable
• D. Swelling and tenderness of graft area

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Signs of kidney transplant rejection include fever, diminished urinary output, and swelling/tenderness in the graft area. These symptoms indicate that the body may be rejecting the transplanted organ, requiring immediate medical attention.

4. According to Piaget, which principle supports a nine-year-old child's understanding that an arm will look the same when the IV is removed?

• A. The principle of conservation
• B. The principle of transductive reasoning
• C. The principle of identity
• D. The principle of reflex abilities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, the principle of conservation. Piaget's principle of conservation relates to a child's ability to understand that certain properties of objects remain unchanged despite modifications in their appearance. In this case, the child's understanding that an arm will look the same after the IV is removed demonstrates conservation of appearance. Choice B, transductive reasoning, involves making faulty generalizations based on specific instances and does not apply in this context. Choice C, the principle of identity, pertains to recognizing objects as the same even if they undergo transformations, which is not directly relevant to the scenario. Choice D, reflex abilities, refers to automatic responses to stimuli and is unrelated to the child's understanding of the arm's appearance post-IV removal.

5. A six-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Which of these factors contribute to urinary tract infections in young children?

• A. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages.
• B. Insufficient water intake to flush the kidneys.
• C. Voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day.
• D. Infrequent voiding which results in urinary stasis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Infrequent voiding can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Encouraging regular voiding and proper hydration can help prevent UTIs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Excessive intake of carbonated beverages may irritate the bladder but is not a direct cause of UTIs. Insufficient water intake can concentrate urine but does not necessarily lead to infections. A voiding pattern of 5-6 times a day is within the normal range and is not associated with increased UTI risk.

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