physiologically the child compensates for fluid volume losses by which mechanism
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. Physiologically, the child compensates for fluid volume losses by which mechanism?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In response to dehydration, the body compensates by shifting fluids from the interstitial spaces to the intravascular space to maintain blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs. Hemoconcentration and vasoconstriction are other compensatory mechanisms but are less immediate.

2. What is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hypovolemic shock in children is most frequently caused by blood loss, which can result from trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Sepsis and anaphylaxis can lead to different types of shock (septic and anaphylactic), and heart failure is related to cardiogenic shock.

3. The parent of a child hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis asks the nurse why blood pressure readings are being taken so often. What knowledge should influence the nurse's reply?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Acute hypertension is a common complication of acute glomerulonephritis, requiring frequent monitoring to prevent complications such as encephalopathy or heart failure. Blood pressure fluctuations can occur but are not necessarily indicative of chronic disease.

4. What organism is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite known to cause acute diarrhea, often through contaminated water or food. Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli are bacterial pathogens that also cause diarrhea but are not parasites.

5. The nurse determines that a child's intravenous infusion has infiltrated. The infused solution is a vesicant. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: If a vesicant solution infiltrates, stopping the infusion immediately and notifying the practitioner is critical to prevent tissue damage. Cold or warm compresses should only be applied following specific medical advice based on the vesicant involved.

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