ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. A patient has been prescribed conjugated estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. What should the nurse include in the patient teaching?
- A. Increase the intake of calcium-rich foods.
- B. Decrease the intake of high-fat foods.
- C. Avoid the use of tobacco.
- D. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase the intake of calcium-rich foods. Patients taking conjugated estrogens should increase their intake of calcium-rich foods to help prevent osteoporosis. Estrogen therapy can lead to an increased risk of osteoporosis, so ensuring an adequate intake of calcium is crucial. Choices B, decreasing high-fat foods, and C, avoiding tobacco, are general health recommendations but not directly related to the prescription of conjugated estrogens. Choice D, avoiding exposure to sunlight, is not a direct concern when taking conjugated estrogens.
2. What is the appropriate placement of a tongue blade for assessment of the mouth and throat?
- A. On the lower jaw
- B. Side of the tongue
- C. Against the soft palate
- D. Center back area of the tongue
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The side of the tongue is the appropriate place for a tongue blade to avoid triggering the gag reflex during assessment of the mouth and throat.
3. A client is diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. Which question will help the nurse develop nursing diagnoses for this client’s plan of care?
- A. Are you satisfied with your appearance?
- B. Do you take medication for anxiety as prescribed?
- C. When did you last feel detached from your environment?
- D. How long have you had these memory problems?
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In clients with somatic symptom disorder, it is crucial to assess their adherence to medication for anxiety as prescribed. This question helps the nurse understand the client's treatment compliance, which can impact the development of nursing diagnoses and the overall plan of care. Monitoring medication adherence is essential in managing the client's symptoms and improving outcomes.
4. Which is an accurate description of homosexual (or gay-lesbian) families?
- A. A nurturing environment is lacking.
- B. The children become homosexual like their parents.
- C. The stability needed to raise healthy children is lacking.
- D. The quality of parenting is equivalent to that of nongay parents.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Research shows that the quality of parenting in homosexual families is equivalent to that in heterosexual families, and children thrive in nurturing environments provided by same-sex parents.
5. In patients with heart failure, which type of diet is most recommended?
- A. High-sodium
- B. Low-sodium
- C. High-fat
- D. Low-carbohydrate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In patients with heart failure, a low-sodium diet is most recommended. This type of diet helps manage fluid retention by reducing the amount of sodium in the body. Excess sodium can lead to fluid accumulation, putting additional strain on the heart. High-sodium diets can exacerbate symptoms of heart failure by causing fluid retention and increasing blood pressure. High-fat and low-carbohydrate diets are not specifically recommended for heart failure patients and may not address the underlying issues related to fluid balance and heart function.
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