Nursing Elites

1. Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?

• A. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces
• B. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces
• C. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver
• D. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.

2. Muscle weakness due to wasting would most likely be evaluated by which test?

• A. recall of food intake
• B. skinfold thickness
• C. handgrip strength
• D. red blood cell levels

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Handgrip strength is a reliable test to assess muscle function and detect muscle weakness due to wasting. It is often used to identify conditions like sarcopenia in clinical settings. Options A, B, and D are not suitable for evaluating muscle weakness. Food intake recall does not directly measure muscle function, skinfold thickness assesses body fat but not muscle strength, and red blood cell levels are unrelated to muscle wasting.

3. A client with iron deficiency anemia is being taught about dietary recommendations by a nurse. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include as a food that enhances iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron?

• A. Tomato juice
• B. Tea
• C. Milk
• D. Dried Beans

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tomato juice is the correct answer because it contains vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of nonheme iron. Vitamin C helps convert nonheme iron into a form that is easier for the body to absorb. Tea and milk should be avoided when consuming nonheme iron as they can inhibit iron absorption. Dried beans, although a good source of iron, do not enhance iron absorption when consumed with nonheme iron.

4. Earliest sign of skin reaction to radiation therapy is:

• A. desquamation
• B. erythema
• C. atrophy
• D. pigmentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. A patient who reports stomach ulcers should avoid all the following foods, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Proteins
• B. Caffeine
• C. Calcium
• D. Wheat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Patients with stomach ulcers are advised to avoid foods that can increase stomach acid levels, such as caffeine, proteins, and calcium. Wheat, on the other hand, is generally well-tolerated by individuals with ulcers as it does not stimulate gastric secretions. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A (Proteins), B (Caffeine), and C (Calcium) are not recommended for patients with stomach ulcers due to their potential to exacerbate symptoms.

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