ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank
1. Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?
- A. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces
- B. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces
- C. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver
- D. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.
2. What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux in infants?
- A. Projectile vomiting
- B. Bilious vomiting
- C. Frequent spitting up
- D. Diarrhea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Frequent spitting up is indeed a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux in infants. It is caused by the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, leading to infants regurgitating milk or formula shortly after feeding. Projectile vomiting (choice A) is more commonly associated with conditions like pyloric stenosis rather than gastroesophageal reflux. Bilious vomiting (choice B) often indicates an obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. Diarrhea (choice D) is not typically a primary symptom of gastroesophageal reflux in infants.
3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has schizophrenia about thioridazine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Report any sign of infection to the provider immediately
- B. Expect your blood pressure to increase
- C. Easy bruising may occur while taking this medication
- D. Muscle rigidity is an expected adverse effect during the first few days of therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Report any sign of infection to the provider immediately.' This instruction is essential for clients taking thioridazine or other antipsychotic medications. Thioridazine does not typically affect blood pressure or cause easy bruising. Muscle rigidity is more commonly associated with other antipsychotic medications. Reporting signs of infection promptly is crucial as antipsychotic medications can affect the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Early detection and treatment of infections help prevent complications and ensure proper medication management.
4. Name 4 of the 12 discussed groups at risk for nutritional deficiencies.
- A. Elderly
- B. Low income
- C. Vegans
- D. Chronic disease, alcoholics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Elderly. The other choices provided, low income, vegans, and chronic disease, alcoholics, are also at risk for nutritional deficiencies but the question specifically asks for 4 groups out of the 12 discussed. The 12 groups at risk for nutritional deficiencies include the elderly, low income individuals, vegans, chronic disease, alcoholics, smokers, periods of growth, individuals with medical conditions, physical stress, physiological stress, those on polypharmacy, and those with inadequate intake. The question focuses on identifying 4 out of these 12 groups, making 'Elderly' the correct choice.
5. The client with chronic pancreatitis needs information on dietary modification to manage the health problem. The nurse teaches the client to limit which of the following items in the diet?
- A. Carbohydrate
- B. Protein
- C. Fat
- D. Water-soluble vitamins
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The client should limit fat in the diet. The client also should take in small meals, which also will reduce the amount of carbohydrates and protein that the client must digest at any one time. The client does not need to limit water-soluble vitamins in the diet.