ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. A healthcare provider assesses a client with pneumonia. Which clinical manifestation should the provider expect to find?
- A. Fremitus
- B. Hyperresonance
- C. Dullness on percussion
- D. Decreased tactile fremitus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pneumonia often leads to the consolidation of lung tissue, resulting in dullness on percussion. This occurs due to the presence of fluid or inflammatory material in the alveoli. Fremitus and decreased tactile fremitus are more indicative of conditions like pleural effusion or pneumothorax, where there is an increase in the density of the pleural space or air in the pleural cavity. Hyperresonance, on the other hand, is typically associated with conditions causing air trapping, such as emphysema, where there is increased air in the alveoli.
2. Why are hospital patients at greater risk for drug-nutrient interactions than they used to be?
- A. Hospitalized patients are more acutely ill
- B. Hospital routines interfere with the correct timing of medications
- C. Drugs used today are more toxic and have more side effects
- D. Responsibility for monitoring this is shared by various members of the healthcare team
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hospitalized patients are at greater risk for drug-nutrient interactions because they are more acutely ill, often having multiple conditions and treatments that increase the risk of such interactions. Choice B is incorrect as hospital routines interfering with medication timing are not directly related to drug-nutrient interactions. Choice C is incorrect as the toxicity and side effects of drugs do not necessarily relate to interactions with nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as shared responsibility for monitoring does not directly contribute to the increased risk of drug-nutrient interactions in hospitalized patients.
3. What measure of fluid balance status is most useful in a child with acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Proteinuria
- B. Daily weight
- C. Specific gravity
- D. Intake and output
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Daily weight is the most accurate measure of fluid balance in children with acute glomerulonephritis, as it reflects changes in body fluid status more reliably than other measures like proteinuria or specific gravity.
4. Which nursing diagnosis has nutritional implications?
- A. impaired dentition
- B. disruption of gas exchange
- C. self-esteem disturbance
- D. sleep pattern disturbance
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Impaired dentition affects a patient's ability to chew and consume a variety of foods, leading to potential nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition.
5. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen therapy. Which assessment finding requires the nurse to take immediate action?
- A. Oxygen saturation of 90%
- B. Respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute
- C. Client reports shortness of breath
- D. Client's respiratory rate decreases to 10 breaths per minute
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A decrease in the client's respiratory rate to 10 breaths per minute, while receiving oxygen therapy for COPD, is a concerning finding that may indicate carbon dioxide retention and respiratory depression. This situation requires immediate action to prevent further complications. An oxygen saturation of 90% is within an acceptable range for COPD patients on oxygen therapy. A respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute and reports of shortness of breath are common in clients with COPD and may not necessitate immediate action unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
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