ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank
1. After consuming a meal high in fat, the _____ releases _______ to aid in digestion.
- A. stomach, acid
- B. liver, bile
- C. pancreas, bicarbonate
- D. gallbladder, bile
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
2. What is the role of fat in digestion?
- A. Digest fats in the stomach
- B. Emulsify fats in the small intestine
- C. Transport fats through the circulatory system
- D. Split fats into smaller components
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emulsify fats in the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes like lipase. Choice A is incorrect as fats are not digested in the stomach but rather in the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as fats are transported through the lymphatic system instead of the circulatory system. Choice D is incorrect as fats are broken down into smaller components through emulsification, not splitting.
3. In PEM, which condition is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, hanging skin, delayed tooth eruption, and changes in saliva?
- A. Marasmus
- B. Kwashiorkor
- C. Anemia
- D. Noma
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Marasmus. Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that leads to muscle wasting, hanging skin, delayed growth, and changes in saliva. These symptoms are commonly seen in vulnerable populations such as children, homeless individuals, older adults, and substance abusers. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is characterized by edema, a distended belly, and skin lesions. Anemia is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and weakness. Noma is a severe infection affecting the face, particularly the mouth and jaw area.
4. Which of the following amino acids are considered indispensable?
- A. Lysine
- B. Methionine
- C. Tryptophan
- D. Valine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lysine. Indispensable amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet. Lysine, methionine, and tryptophan are all examples of indispensable amino acids. However, the question specifically asked for 3 out of the 9 indispensable amino acids, making 'Lysine' the correct choice. Choices B, C, and D are also indispensable amino acids but are not the focus of the question.
5. What is the recommended dietary intervention for a patient with hyperlipidemia?
- A. Increase saturated fat intake
- B. Reduce fiber intake
- C. Increase dietary fiber intake
- D. Reduce protein intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing dietary fiber can help reduce cholesterol levels in patients with hyperlipidemia.