Nursing Elites

1. You are taking care of critically ill client and the doctor in charge calls to order a DNR (do not resuscitate) for the client. Which of the following is the appropriate action when getting DNR order over the phone?

• A. Have the registered nurse, family spokesperson, nurse supervisor and doctor sign
• B. Have 2 nurse validate the phone order, both nurses sign the order and the doctor should sign his order within 24
• C. Have the registered nurse, family and doctor sign the order
• D. Have 1 nurse take the order and sign it and have the doctor sign it within 24 hours

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. Select all that apply. Which nutrients are needed by the body to make hemoglobin?

• A. Iron
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Niacin
• D. Folate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron. Iron is an essential nutrient needed by the body to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. While other nutrients like vitamin B12, niacin, and folate are important for various bodily functions, they are not directly involved in the production of hemoglobin. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and DNA synthesis, niacin is important for metabolism, and folate is crucial for cell division and DNA synthesis. Therefore, only iron is specifically required for hemoglobin production.

3. When is infertility said to exist?

• A. When a woman has no uterus
• B. When a woman has no children
• C. When a couple has been trying to conceive for 1 year without success
• D. When a couple has desired a child for 6 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Therefore, the correct answer is C. A, B, and D are incorrect. While having no uterus (choice A) may result in infertility, it is not the sole determining factor. Similarly, not having children (choice B) does not automatically indicate infertility. Lastly, the time frame of 6 months (choice D) is not sufficient to determine infertility; typically, a year of trying without success is required for such a diagnosis.

4. What is the end product of lipid digestion?

• A. fatty acid
• B. sucrose
• C. monosaccharide
• D. amino acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, fatty acid. During the process of lipid digestion, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These end products are then absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system for further processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrose is a disaccharide, monosaccharide is a simple sugar unit, and amino acid is a building block of proteins, not the end product of lipid digestion.

5. One of the most common factors that compromise the vitamin D status of older adults, particularly those living in assisted living communities is _____.

• A. decreased intake of fruits and vegetables
• B. lack of physical activity
• C. malabsorption due to atrophic gastritis
• D. lack of exposure to sunlight

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: lack of exposure to sunlight.' Older adults, especially those in assisted living communities, are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to spending most of their time indoors, which reduces their exposure to sunlight. Sunlight is essential for the body to produce vitamin D. Choices A, B, and C are less likely to be major factors in compromising vitamin D status. While a decreased intake of fruits and vegetables and lack of physical activity can impact overall health, they are not as directly related to vitamin D status. Malabsorption due to atrophic gastritis may affect the absorption of certain nutrients, but vitamin D synthesis primarily depends on sunlight exposure.

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