ATI RN
Psychological Exam
1. While the term psychology has existed since at least the early 1700s, psychology did not come to be considered a science until?
- A. The 1750s.
- B. The early 1800s.
- C. The late 1800s.
- D. The 1940s.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Psychology became recognized as a science in the late 1800s, aligning with broader trends in scientific inquiry during that period. This marked the establishment of psychology as a distinct field of study based on empirical research and experimentation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because psychology's formal recognition as a science occurred later, specifically in the late 1800s.
2. Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her potential?
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. F. Skinner
- C. G. Stanley Hall
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Abraham Maslow. He was a leading humanist psychologist who introduced the concept of the hierarchy of needs. Maslow emphasized the human drive for self-actualization, which involves fulfilling one's potential and striving for personal growth. Sigmund Freud (choice A) focused on psychoanalysis and the unconscious mind. B.F. Skinner (choice B) was a behaviorist who studied operant conditioning. G. Stanley Hall (choice C) was a pioneering psychologist in the field of child development.
3. From the cognitive-behavioral perspective, an important limitation with the behavioral perspective is that ________.
- A. Behaviorists went too far in attacking the psychoanalytic perspective.
- B. Behaviorists failed to attend to the importance of mental processes.
- C. Behaviorists were too focused on explaining how abnormal behavior is acquired.
- D. Behaviorists underestimated the role of reinforcement.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because behaviorists, from the cognitive-behavioral perspective, are criticized for not considering the significance of mental processes. This limitation is a key point in the cognitive-behavioral perspective, which emphasizes the interplay between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the specific limitation of failing to account for mental processes in the behavioral perspective.
4. Cross-cultural research on stress demonstrates that ________.
- A. Depression is a common response to life challenges in all countries studied.
- B. Stress rarely leads to any evidence of illness in non-Western cultures.
- C. Responses to stress vary cross-culturally.
- D. Culture-specific reactions are not seen to respond to alterations in the environment.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cross-cultural research on stress demonstrates that responses to stress vary cross-culturally. Choice A is incorrect because depression being a common response in all countries studied is not supported by cross-cultural research findings. Choice B is incorrect as it generalizes that stress rarely leads to illness in non-Western cultures, which is not universally true. Choice D is incorrect as culture-specific reactions can indeed respond to alterations in the environment, as observed in various cross-cultural studies.
5. Normal human cells have ________
- A. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- B. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- C. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs.
- D. twenty-three chromosome pairs.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Normal human cells have twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the typical chromosome count in human cells. Choice B is incorrect because it mentions 'twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs,' which is not characteristic of normal cells. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests having 'two trisomy chromosome pairs,' which is abnormal. Choice D is incorrect as it states 'twenty-three chromosome pairs,' which is not the standard count in normal human cells.
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