Nursing Elites

1. Which systemic disease is best controlled with the DASH diet, monitoring blood pressure, limiting sodium, alcohol, and caffeine, reducing stress, and losing weight?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Parkinson's disease
• D. Anemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. The DASH diet is specifically designed to control hypertension by reducing sodium intake, managing blood pressure, and promoting overall cardiovascular health. Choice B, Diabetes mellitus, is managed through monitoring blood sugar levels and a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Choice C, Parkinson's disease, is a neurological disorder that is not primarily managed through diet modifications. Choice D, Anemia, is a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells and is typically managed by addressing the underlying cause and sometimes iron supplementation, not by the methods mentioned in the question.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and who demonstrates no evidence of anemia. Which of the following laboratory values gives the nurse an assessment of the adequacy of the client's protein uptake and synthesis?

• A. Albumin
• B. Calcium
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Albumin. Albumin is a protein made by the liver and is a key indicator of the body's protein status. Low levels of albumin can indicate inadequate protein intake or synthesis. Choices B, C, and D (Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium) are not direct indicators of protein uptake and synthesis. Calcium is related to bone health, Sodium to fluid balance, and Potassium to nerve and muscle function.

3. Knowing that for a comatose patient hearing is the last sense to be lost, as Judy’s nurse, what should you do?

• A. Tell her family that probably she can’t hear them
• B. Talk loudly so that Wendy can hear you
• C. Tell her family who are in the room not to talk
• D. Speak softly then hold her hands gently

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin E
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, not vitamin E. The symptoms of scurvy include spontaneous gingival hemorrhaging, perifollicular petechiae, follicular hyperkeratosis, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, and cessation of bone growth. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin D (Choice B) is essential for bone health, and Vitamin K (Choice D) is necessary for blood clotting. However, none of these vitamins are associated with scurvy.

5. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?

• A. It diminishes central circulation
• B. It causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls
• C. It narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
• D. It increases arterial elasticity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.

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