ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. Which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics to help reduce fluid retention?
- A. potassium
- B. magnesium
- C. sodium
- D. chloride
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Sodium restriction is crucial in heart failure management to prevent fluid retention, which can worsen symptoms of heart failure.
2. Maternal malnutrition at a critical period of development may have lifelong effects on an individual's pattern of genetic expression and on the tendency to develop obesity, which is a concept known as _____.
- A. genetic determination
- B. metabolic tolerance
- C. chromosomal influence
- D. fetal programming
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal nutrition during critical periods of development can have long-term effects on an individual's health and risk of diseases like obesity.
3. After ileostomy, which of the following condition is NOT expected?
- A. Increased weight
- B. Irritation of skin around the stoma
- C. Liquid stool
- D. Establishment of regular bowel movement
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.
4. A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has Phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?
- A. Diet sodas should not be consumed more than two or three times a week.
- B. Serum bilirubin should be monitored once or twice a month during pregnancy.
- C. Breastfeeding will not prevent your baby from developing PKU.
- D. A low-protein diet should be followed for three months before conception.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A low-protein diet should be followed for three months before conception in individuals with PKU who are planning a pregnancy. This diet helps manage PKU by reducing phenylalanine levels, which is crucial for maternal and fetal health. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is not directly related to managing PKU, choice B focuses on a different aspect of care during pregnancy, and choice C is inaccurate as breastfeeding will not prevent a baby from developing PKU.
5. A client states they are taking greater than the recommended daily allowance of vitamin E to prevent cataracts. Which complication should the nurse educate the client as related to taking excessive amounts of vitamin E?
- A. Lung cancer
- B. Stroke
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Liver damage
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stroke. High doses of vitamin E supplements have been associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke due to its blood-thinning properties. Option A, lung cancer, is not a known complication of excessive vitamin E intake. Option C, diarrhea, is more commonly associated with excessive intake of other vitamins or minerals. Option D, liver damage, is not a commonly reported complication of vitamin E overdose.
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