ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. Which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics to help reduce fluid retention?
- A. potassium
- B. magnesium
- C. sodium
- D. chloride
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Sodium restriction is crucial in heart failure management to prevent fluid retention, which can worsen symptoms of heart failure.
2. A nurse is preparing to discontinue a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Measure and document the urine in the drainage bag
- B. Remove the tape or device securing the catheter to the client's thigh
- C. Position the client supine
- D. Deflate the catheter balloon using a sterile syringe
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct first action the nurse should take when discontinuing a client's indwelling urinary catheter is to measure and document the urine in the drainage bag. This step is essential to assess the client's urinary output and bladder function before removing the catheter. Removing the tape securing the catheter (Choice B) or positioning the client supine (Choice C) should come after measuring and documenting the urine output. Deflating the catheter balloon (Choice D) is the last step in the process of removing the catheter.
3. Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of a stable internal environment.
- A. True
- B. False
- C. Not Sure
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: True
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves processes that regulate various physiological factors such as temperature, pH, and blood sugar levels within a narrow range. This ensures that the body's cells can function optimally. Therefore, the correct answer is True. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because homeostasis aims to maintain stability, not instability, in the internal environment.
4. A client is admitted to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs? pH 7.22, PaCO2 68 mm Hg, Base excess -2, PaO2 78 mm Hg, Saturation 80%, Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Metabolic acidosis
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct answer: Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: The ABG values provided indicate respiratory acidosis. In respiratory acidosis, there is an increase in PaCO2 above the normal range (35-45 mm Hg) leading to a decrease in pH (<7.35). In this case, the pH is 7.22 (below normal) with an elevated PaCO2 of 68 mm Hg. The other values do not suggest metabolic acidosis (which would typically show low bicarbonate levels) or metabolic alkalosis. Therefore, the correct interpretation of the ABGs is respiratory acidosis.
5. A client has a new prescription for Calcitonin-salmon for Osteoporosis. Which of the following tests should the client expect before beginning this medication?
- A. Skin test for allergy to the medication
- B. ECG to rule out cardiac dysrhythmias
- C. Mantoux test to rule out exposure to tuberculosis
- D. Liver function tests to assess risk for medication toxicity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Before initiating Calcitonin-salmon, a skin test for allergy to the medication may be performed to prevent anaphylactic reactions. Allergic reactions can occur due to sensitivities to the drug, particularly in individuals with fish allergies. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare providers to assess the client's potential allergic response to Calcitonin-salmon through a skin test. The other options are not relevant in this context. An ECG is not typically required before starting Calcitonin-salmon for Osteoporosis, nor is a Mantoux test or liver function tests.