Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client who is obese. The nurse should include in the information that which of the following gastrointestinal disorders is commonly associated with obesity?

• A. Peptic ulcer disease
• B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• C. Celiac disease
• D. Crohn’s disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with obesity due to increased abdominal pressure and other factors.

2. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following foods or beverages should the nurse recommend to minimize heartburn?

• A. Orange juice
• B. Decaffeinated coffee
• C. Peppermint
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potatoes. Potatoes are bland and less likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, making them a good choice for minimizing heartburn in clients with GERD. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Orange juice and peppermint can exacerbate GERD symptoms due to their acidic or relaxing effects on the esophageal sphincter. Decaffeinated coffee, although lower in caffeine, is still acidic and can trigger heartburn in individuals with GERD.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has stomatitis following radiation treatment. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take?

• A. Serve foods without sauces or gravies
• B. Offer mouth rinses with normal saline & water
• C. Serve foods while still at a hot temperature
• D. Instruct the client to drink liquids without a straw

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Offering mouth rinses with normal saline and water can help soothe and clean the mouth of clients with stomatitis.

4. A client has a body mass index (BMI) of 30. Four weeks after nutritional counseling, which of the following evaluation findings indicates the plan of care was followed?

• A. BMI of 25
• B. Weight gain of 1.8 kg
• C. BMI of 33
• D. Weight loss of 2.7 kg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A weight loss of 2.7 kg in four weeks indicates effective adherence to a nutritional plan aimed at reducing body mass index (BMI), moving towards a healthier weight. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a decrease in weight is expected for a client with a BMI of 30 undergoing nutritional counseling for weight management, rather than an increase in weight or BMI.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function.
• B. I will keep my HbA1c at five percent.
• C. I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter.
• D. I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Maintaining an HbA1c level of 5 percent indicates good long-term blood glucose control and understanding of diabetes management.

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