Nursing Elites

1. Which step of the management process is concerned with Policy making and Stating the goals and objective of the institution?

• A. Planning
• B. Organizing
• C. Directing
• D. Controlling

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

2. Why are LDLs known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol?

• A. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is considered 'bad' cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrowing can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of serious cardiovascular conditions. The statement and the reason are directly related because the adherence of LDL to arterial walls and the subsequent narrowing of the lumen are the primary reasons why it is considered detrimental to heart health. Choice B is incorrect because the statement and reason are related. Choice C is incorrect because both the statement and the reason are correct. Choice D is incorrect because the statement correctly identifies LDL as the 'bad' type of cholesterol due to its actions in the arteries.

3. Which of the following is NOT a physiological role of proteins?

• A. Providing resistance to disease
• B. Regulating fluid balance
• C. Repairing tissue
• D. Serving as the primary source of energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Proteins play a diverse range of physiological roles in the body, such as providing resistance to disease, regulating fluid balance, and repairing tissues. However, they are not the primary source of energy for the body. Carbohydrates and fats typically fulfill this role. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer, as it is not a function that proteins perform. Conversely, choices A, B, and C are all physiological functions of proteins, making them incorrect responses to this particular question.

4. A client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease is being taught about diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Increase intake of dietary phosphorus.
• B. Eliminate foods high in protein from your diet.
• C. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
• D. Increase intake of sodium-containing foods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease, reducing intake of foods high in potassium is crucial as impaired kidney function can lead to potassium buildup in the blood, which can be dangerous. High potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, advising the client to reduce potassium-rich foods is essential to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing dietary phosphorus, eliminating foods high in protein, or increasing sodium-containing foods are not appropriate recommendations for a client with pre-dialysis end-stage kidney disease as they can exacerbate the condition.

5. What type of drug is lamivudine, used for the management of HIV infection?

• A. CCR5 antagonist
• B. fusion inhibitor
• C. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
• D. protease inhibitor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Lamivudine belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), making choice C the correct answer. NRTIs like lamivudine work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, an essential component for the HIV virus to replicate. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because lamivudine does not function as a CCR5 antagonist, fusion inhibitor, or protease inhibitor in the management of HIV infection.

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