Nursing Elites

1. Which statement best describes colic?

• A. Periods of abdominal pain resulting in weight loss
• B. Usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering
• C. Periods of abdominal pain and crying occurring in infants older than age 6 months
• D. A paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Colic is characterized by episodes of loud, inconsolable crying, often due to abdominal discomfort, and typically occurs in infants younger than 6 months. It is not related to poor mothering, nor does it necessarily result in weight loss.

2. What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?

• A. Cystitis
• B. Urethritis
• C. Urosepsis
• D. Bacteriuria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.

3. Apgar scoring is conducted at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth. It is used to determine:

• A. Major body systems’ responses at birth
• B. Future intelligence of the newborn
• C. Level of parent and newborn interaction
• D. Gestational age of the newborn

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Apgar score assesses a newborn's physical condition immediately after birth by evaluating heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex response, and color. Therefore, the correct answer is A. The other choices are incorrect because B) the Apgar score does not predict future intelligence, C) it does not measure parent and newborn interaction, and D) it is not used to determine gestational age.

4. An awake, alert 4-year-old child has just arrived at the emergency department after an ingestion of aspirin at home. The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal. The nurse administers charcoal in which manner?

• A. Giving half of the solution and then repeating the other half in 1 hour
• B. Mixing with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container with a straw
• C. Serving it in a clear plastic cup so the child can see how much has been drunk
• D. Administering it through a nasogastric tube because the child will not drink it because of the taste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mixing activated charcoal with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container can help mask the taste and encourage the child to ingest it. Using an opaque container can prevent the child from seeing the unappealing appearance of the charcoal mixture, increasing compliance.

5. What intervention is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child?

• A. Administer oxygen
• B. Apply cold compresses
• C. Restrict fluids
• D. Encourage bed rest

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child as it helps to prevent further sickling of cells. Oxygen therapy can improve oxygen saturation levels, reducing the risk of tissue damage and complications. Applying cold compresses (choice B) is not recommended as it can potentially worsen vaso-occlusive crisis by causing vasoconstriction. Restricting fluids (choice C) is not appropriate as hydration is essential to prevent dehydration and maintain adequate blood flow. Encouraging bed rest (choice D) may be necessary but administering oxygen takes precedence in managing a sickle cell crisis.

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