Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

• A. People with less body fat have more body water.
• B. Infants have more water per pound than adults.
• C. Females have more body water per pound than males.
• D. Infants have the same water content per pound as adults.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is that people with less body fat have more body water. This is because fat tissue contains less water compared to lean tissue, so individuals with less body fat generally have a higher percentage of body water. Choice B is incorrect as infants actually have more water per pound than adults due to their higher body water content. Choice C is incorrect as males typically have more body water per pound than females. Choice D is incorrect as infants have a higher water content per pound compared to adults.

2. You are the nurse caring for a patient who is to receive IV daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent. You start the infusion and check the insertion site as per protocol. During your most recent check, you note that the IV has infiltrated so you stop the infusion. What is your main concern with this infiltration?

• A. Extravasation of the medication
• B. Discomfort to the patient
• C. Blanching at the site
• D. Hypersensitivity reaction to the medication

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. The triage nurse notes upon assessment in the emergency room that the patient with anxiety is hyperventilating. The nurse is aware that hyperventilation is the most common cause of which acid-base imbalance?

• A. Respiratory acidosis
• B. Respiratory alkalosis
• C. Metabolic acidosis
• D. Metabolic alkalosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis. When a patient hyperventilates due to anxiety or other causes, they blow off excessive carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in PaCO2 and a rise in pH. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hyperventilation leads to a decrease in PaCO2, causing respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, or metabolic alkalosis.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a 90-second tonic-clonic seizure. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 6.88, PaO2 50 mm Hg, PaCO2 60 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which action should the nurse take first?

• A. . Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
• B. Apply a paper bag over the clients nose and mouth.
• C. Administer 50 mL of sodium bicarbonate intravenously.
• D. Administer 50 mL of 20% glucose and 20 units of regular insulin.

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

5. .A nurse assesses a clients peripheral IV site, and notices edema and tenderness above the site. Which action should the nurse take next?

• A. Apply cold compresses to the IV site.
• B. Elevate the extremity on a pillow.
• C. Flush the catheter with normal saline.
• D. . Stop the infusion of intravenous fluids.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

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