ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Quizlet
1. Which of the following nonpharmacologic treatments is most likely to be a useful and appropriate supplement to pharmacologic analgesia at this point?
- A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- B. Cold and heat application
- C. Therapeutic ultrasound
- D. Biofeedback
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cold and heat application. Cold and heat application are commonly used nonpharmacologic methods for managing pain and can complement pharmacologic treatments. Cold packs can help reduce inflammation and numb localized areas, while heat application can increase blood flow and relax muscles. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (A) focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to manage pain but may not directly supplement pharmacologic analgesia. Therapeutic ultrasound (C) uses sound waves to generate heat within body tissues, which can be therapeutic, but it may not be as directly complementary to pharmacologic analgesia as cold and heat application. Biofeedback (D) involves using electronic devices to help individuals control physiological processes, but its direct role as a supplement to pharmacologic analgesia may be less pronounced compared to cold and heat application.
2. A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has just developed a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following medications should the healthcare professional anticipate administering?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Dexamethasone
- C. Heparin
- D. Atropine
Correct answer: C: Heparin
Rationale: In the scenario of a pulmonary embolism, the priority medication to administer is Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of new blood clots and the growth of existing ones, which is crucial in managing pulmonary embolism. Furosemide is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention, Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for inflammation, and Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used for various purposes such as treating bradycardia.
3. Studies suggest that leukoplakia is resolved by excess vitamin A (a fat-soluble vitamin), retinoids, and beta-carotene. Leukoplakia is a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes.
- A. Both statements are true.
- B. Both statements are false.
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Both statements are false. Studies suggest that leukoplakia, a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes, can be resolved by vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene. Despite the potential to resolve leukoplakia, relapse is common. Also pertinent, evidence does not indicate that any of these nutrients prevent malignant transformation. The extract provided clarifies that leukoplakia is a white plaque, not an erythematous lesion, and that vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene can help resolve it.
4. Which part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
- A. Corpus Callosum
- B. Medulla Oblongata
- C. Pituitary Glands
- D. Pineal Glands
Correct answer: Medulla Oblongata
Rationale: The correct answer is the Medulla Oblongata. This part of the brain is responsible for regulating essential autonomic functions such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The Corpus Callosum is responsible for connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain, not for regulating these vital functions. The Pituitary Glands and Pineal Glands are part of the endocrine system and are not directly involved in regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
5. After administering 40 mEq of potassium chloride, a nurse evaluates the clients response. Which manifestations indicate that treatment is improving the clients hypokalemia? (Select all tha do not t apply.)
- A. Strong productive cough
- B. Active bowel sounds
- C. U waves present on the electrocardiogram (ECG)
- D.
Correct answer: U waves present on the electrocardiogram (ECG)
Rationale:
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