ATI RN
Fluid and Electrolytes ATI
1. Which of the following might the nurse assess in a patient diagnosed with hypermagnesemia?
- A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Cool clammy skin
- D. Increased serum magnesium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diminished deep tendon reflexes. In a patient with hypermagnesemia, the nurse would assess for diminished deep tendon reflexes. Hypermagnesemia can lead to neuromuscular depression, causing a decrease in deep tendon reflexes. Tachycardia (choice B) is more commonly associated with hypomagnesemia. Cool clammy skin (choice C) is not typically a direct symptom of hypermagnesemia. While hypermagnesemia does involve increased serum magnesium levels (choice D), assessing serum levels is a laboratory test and not a clinical assessment like checking deep tendon reflexes.
2. What role does genetic predisposition play in the development of mental disorders?
- A. Genetic predisposition guarantees the development of mental disorders.
- B. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role but is not the only factor in developing mental disorders.
- C. Genetic predisposition is irrelevant in mental health.
- D. Genetic predisposition can be completely overridden by environmental factors.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of mental disorders, interacting with environmental factors. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain mental disorders, it is not a guarantee that the disorders will develop. Environmental factors, such as lifestyle, upbringing, and traumatic experiences, also play a crucial role in the manifestation of mental health conditions. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predisposition does have relevance in mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predisposition and environmental factors both contribute to the development of mental disorders, neither completely overriding the other.
3. What is an appropriate parenting technique for time-out disciplining in children with mental health issues?
- A. Provide positive reinforcement for minor infractions
- B. Remove all privileges for at least one week following a violation
- C. Limit the child's time outside of the home environment
- D. Time-out should only be used in severe situations
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Remove all privileges for at least one week following a violation.' When dealing with children with mental health issues, it is essential to have consistent consequences for their actions. Providing positive reinforcement for minor infractions (choice A) may not effectively address inappropriate behaviors that require disciplinary action. Limiting the child's time outside the home environment (choice C) does not directly address the behavioral issue. Using time-out only in severe situations (choice D) may not provide consistent consequences for the child's behavior and can lead to escalation before interventions are used.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client by nasogastric tube. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer the medication without further assessment.
- B. Check the tube placement before administering any medication.
- C. Administer the medication in liquid form only.
- D. Administer half the dosage as a precaution.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check the tube placement before administering any medication. Before administering medication through a nasogastric tube, the nurse must first verify the tube's correct placement to ensure the medication reaches the stomach and to prevent complications such as aspiration. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because administering medication without confirming proper tube placement can lead to serious consequences for the client.
5. Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through which of the following processes?
- A. conduction
- B. convection
- C. radiation
- D. evaporation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels near the surface of the skin, allowing more blood to flow near the skin's surface. This process enhances heat loss primarily through radiation. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. Conduction involves direct contact between objects, convection involves the transfer of heat through fluid or gas, and evaporation involves the phase change of a liquid to a gas, which cools the surface.
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