Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a situational barrier to seeking early prenatal care?

• A. psychological stress
• B. difficulty arranging transportation
• C. ambivalence about the pregnancy
• D. demands of taking care of other young children Answer: B Page Ref: 91 Skill Level: Understand newborn baby’s appearance. Topic: Childbirth Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Difficulty arranging transportation can be a situational barrier to seeking early prenatal care because it can prevent pregnant individuals from being able to physically get to their healthcare provider for appointments. This barrier may make it challenging for individuals to access the necessary prenatal care and support for a healthy pregnancy.

2. What is one challenge associated with longitudinal research?

• A. It does not allow for inferences about cause-and-effect relationships.
• B. Participants may relocate or drop out of the study.
• C. Findings may not be applicable to real-world scenarios.
• D. It does not allow for the examination of individual developmental patterns.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: One challenge associated with longitudinal research is that participants may relocate or drop out of the study over time. This can result in missing data and potential biases in the findings, impacting the study's overall validity and reliability. Furthermore, it can present difficulties for researchers in accurately monitoring and analyzing changes in individuals over an extended period. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because longitudinal research can indeed allow for inferences about cause-and-effect relationships, findings can be generalized to the real world with appropriate design and sampling, and it is suitable for studying individual developmental patterns.

3. Self-esteem takes on a hierarchical structure in __________.

• A. toddlerhood
• B. preschool
• C. middle childhood
• D. adolescence

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In middle childhood, self-esteem becomes more differentiated and organized into a hierarchy based on various domains of competence. This period marks a time when children start to compare their abilities in different areas, such as academic performance, social skills, and physical abilities. Toddlerhood and preschool years are characterized by the development of basic self-awareness and self-concept, but self-esteem hierarchy typically emerges later in middle childhood and further solidifies in adolescence as individuals navigate complex social dynamics and personal identities.

4. The force of blood flowing through the __________ keeps it firm.

• A. amnion
• B. umbilical cord
• C. yolk sac
• D. embryonic disk

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The force of blood flowing through the umbilical cord keeps it firm. The umbilical cord is the connection between the placenta and the fetus, providing essential nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby. Blood flow through the umbilical cord helps maintain its structure and function throughout the prenatal period. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not play a role in providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby or in maintaining its firmness.

5. __________ supplementation early in pregnancy reduces the risk of abnormalities of the neural tube, the circulatory system, and the urinary tract.

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Folic acid
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin C

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Folic acid supplementation early in pregnancy is crucial as it reduces the risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus. It is specifically known to prevent issues related to the neural tube, circulatory system, and urinary tract. Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin C do not play the same role as folic acid in preventing these specific birth defects, making them incorrect choices.

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