Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a poor food source of iron?

• A. Dried fruits
• B. Cheese
• C. Clams
• D. Legumes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iron is an essential nutrient for the body, and while it can be found in many different types of foods, the amounts can vary significantly. Cheese, while a good source of other nutrients like calcium and protein, is not a particularly rich source of iron. On the other hand, clams, legumes, and dried fruits are known to contain higher levels of iron. Therefore, among the provided choices, cheese is considered a poor source of iron. It's important to note that a balanced diet should include a variety of foods to ensure the intake of all necessary nutrients.

2. Earliest sign of skin reaction to radiation therapy is:

• A. desquamation
• B. erythema
• C. atrophy
• D. pigmentation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. You are an ostomy nurse and you know that colostomy is defined as:

• A. It is an incision into the colon to create an artificial opening to the exterior of the abdomen
• B. It is end to end anastomosis of the gastric stump to the duodenum
• C. It is end to end anastomosis of the gastric stump to the jejunum
• D. It is an incision into the ileum to create an artificial opening to the exterior of the abdomen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. What is the major diet-derived antioxidant found in cell membranes?

• A. B12
• B. beta-carotene
• C. vitamin E
• D. vitamin A

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is vitamin E. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant found in cell membranes, where it plays a crucial role in protecting them from oxidative damage. Although B12, beta-carotene, and vitamin A are important nutrients with specific functions in the body, they are not the primary antioxidants found in cell membranes. Vitamin E specifically localizes in cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, making it an essential antioxidant for cellular health.

5. Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and ____ compared to that of the typical American diet.

• A. vitamin C
• B. iron
• C. potassium
• D. sodium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'potassium.' The DASH diet is rich in potassium, which helps lower blood pressure, making it more effective than the typical American diet, which is often low in this essential mineral. Choice A, 'vitamin C,' is incorrect as the comparison is about fiber and another nutrient, not vitamin C. Choice B, 'iron,' is incorrect as the discussion is about fiber and a mineral that helps lower blood pressure, not iron. Choice D, 'sodium,' is incorrect as the DASH diet actually focuses on reducing sodium intake for better blood pressure control, so it wouldn't be a nutrient found in higher amounts compared to the typical American diet.

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