Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a key feature of the diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM V?

• A. Unusual responses to sensory input
• B. Social isolation
• C. Repetitive behaviors
• D. Delayed motor development

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the DSM V, one of the key diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is unusual responses to sensory input. These atypical responses can include hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as sound, touch, taste, or smell. These sensory processing differences are important in the diagnosis of ASD because they can significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and behavior. Social isolation and repetitive behaviors are associated features of ASD but are not the key diagnostic criteria according to the DSM V. Delayed motor development may be observed in some individuals with ASD, but it is not a key feature used for diagnosis in the DSM V.

2. A child with glomerulonephritis receiving corticosteroid treatment requires dietary teaching. What instruction should the nurse provide to the parent?

• A. Increase the child's intake of potassium-rich foods.
• B. Encourage the child to eat low-calorie snacks.
• C. Offer the child a variety of fresh fruits.
• D. Restrict the child's fluid intake.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to offer the child a variety of fresh fruits. Glomerulonephritis and corticosteroid use can lead to potassium depletion. Fresh fruits are a good source of potassium, which can help counteract the depletion caused by corticosteroids. Encouraging a variety of fresh fruits can provide necessary nutrients and help maintain a balanced diet for the child.

3. Which statement fosters cultural competence?

• A. Treat everyone the same regardless of their culture
• B. Provide an outline of your beliefs as a starting point
• C. Acknowledge and respond to influences of cultural beliefs in the intervention plan
• D. Ask the family to outline how their beliefs will influence therapy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cultural competence involves recognizing and considering the impact of cultural beliefs on individuals. By acknowledging and responding to these cultural influences in the intervention plan, professionals can tailor their approach effectively and respectfully. This approach helps build trust, enhances communication, and improves outcomes in culturally diverse settings.

4. The healthcare provider should question an order for glucocorticoids in the treatment of a patient with what condition?

• A. Systemic fungal infection
• B. Diabetes Mellitus
• C. Myasthenia Gravis
• D. Glaucoma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in the treatment of a patient with systemic fungal infection or in patients receiving live vaccines due to their immunosuppressive effects. Glucocorticoids can exacerbate fungal infections by suppressing the immune response. While caution is advised in patients with diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and glaucoma, the presence of a systemic fungal infection warrants questioning the use of glucocorticoids to prevent worsening of the fungal infection.

5. The healthcare provider is assessing an infant brought to the clinic due to diarrhea. The infant is alert but has dry mucous membranes. Which additional assessment data indicates to the healthcare provider that the infant is experiencing an early to moderate stage of dehydration?

• A. Bradycardia
• B. Tachycardia
• C. Increased blood pressure
• D. Normal fontanels

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tachycardia is a common early sign of dehydration in infants, especially when presenting with dry mucous membranes and diarrhea. The increased heart rate is the body's compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output in response to dehydration. Bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and normal fontanels are not typically associated with early to moderate dehydration in infants.

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