Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following factors is believed to cause ulcerative colitis?

• A. Acidic diet
• B. Altered immunity
• C. Chronic constipation
• D. Emotional stress

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ulcerative colitis is believed to be caused by an altered immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.

2. When assessing the client with celiac disease, the nurse can expect to find which of the following?

• A. Steatorrhea
• B. Jaundiced sclerae
• C. Clay-colored stools
• D. Widened pulse pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Because celiac disease destroys the absorbing surface of the intestine, fat isn't absorbed but is passed in the stool. Steatorrhea is bulky, fatty stools that have a foul odor. Jaundiced sclerae result from elevated bilirubin levels. Clay-colored stools are seen with biliary disease when bile flow is blocked. Celiac disease doesn't cause a widened pulse pressure.

3. The nurse evaluates the client’s stoma during the initial post-op period. Which of the following observations should be reported immediately to the physician?

• A. The stoma is slightly edematous
• B. The stoma is dark red to purple
• C. The stoma oozes a small amount of blood
• D. The stoma does not expel stool

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A dark red to purple stoma may indicate compromised blood flow or ischemia, which requires immediate medical attention. This color change could be a sign of inadequate blood supply to the stoma tissue, leading to tissue damage or necrosis. Reporting this observation promptly is crucial to prevent further complications. Choices A, C, and D are not indicative of immediate medical concern. A slightly edematous stoma, oozing a small amount of blood, or not expelling stool may not be uncommon findings during the initial post-op period and can be managed without urgent intervention.

4. A 53 y.o. patient has undergone a partial gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach. An NG tube is in place and is connected to low continuous suction. During the immediate postoperative period, you expect the gastric secretions to be which color?

• A. Brown.
• B. Clear.
• C. Red.
• D. Yellow.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the immediate postoperative period after a partial gastrectomy, gastric secretions are expected to be red.

5. When teaching a community group about measures to prevent colon cancer, which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Limit fat intake to 20% to 25% of your total daily calories.
• B. Include 15 to 20 grams of fiber into your daily diet.
• C. Get an annual rectal examination after age 35.
• D. Undergo sigmoidoscopy annually after age 50.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Limiting fat intake is a recommended measure to reduce the risk of colon cancer. Including fiber, undergoing annual rectal examinations, and sigmoidoscopy are also important, but limiting fat intake is directly related to reducing cancer risk.

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