ATI RN
Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions
1. The nurse has given instructions to the client with an ileostomy about foods to eat to thicken the stool. The nurse determines that the client needs further instructions if the client stated to eat which of the following foods to make the stool less watery?
- A. Pasta
- B. Boiled rice
- C. Bran
- D. Low-fat cheese
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Foods that help to thicken the stool of the client with an ileostomy include pasta, boiled rice, and low-fat cheese. Bran is high in dietary fiber and thus will increase the output of watery stool by increasing propulsion through the bowel. Ileostomy output is liquid. Addition or elimination of various foods can help to thicken or loosen this liquid drainage.
2. Which term refers to nurses in the local/national health departments or public schools?
- A. Public health nursing
- B. Public health nurse
- C. Registered midwives
- D. Registered nurses
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct term that refers to nurses in local/national health departments or public schools is 'Public health nurse.' Public health nursing (Choice A) is a broader term that encompasses the practice of nursing in the community to promote and protect the health of populations. Registered midwives (Choice C) specifically refers to a different role in healthcare related to childbirth and maternal care. Registered nurses (Choice D) are nurses who have completed specific education and training and are licensed to practice nursing.
3. Mario listens to Richard’s bilateral sounds and finds that congestion is in the upper lobes of the lungs. The appropriate position to drain the anterior and posterior apical segments of the lungs when Mario does percussion would be:
- A. Client lying on his back then flat on his abdomen on Trendelenburg position
- B. Client seated upright in bed or on a chair then leaning forward in sitting position then flat on his back and on his
- C. Client lying flat on his back and then flat on his abdomen
- D. Client lying on his right then left side on Trendelenburg position
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Proper patient positioning is essential for maximizing lung expansion and promoting the drainage of secretions. Postural drainage techniques rely on gravity to help clear different lung segments, which is critical in preventing complications such as atelectasis or pneumonia in immobilized patients.
4. What is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?
- A. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- B. Atherosclerosis
- C. Stroke
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and an increased risk of heart attack. Choice B, Atherosclerosis, is a related condition involving the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, but it is not specific to the coronary arteries. Choices C and D, Stroke and Peripheral artery disease, respectively, involve different arteries and conditions, not directly related to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries.
5. The equal sharing of resources is known as _____.
- A. autonomy
- B. ethics
- C. disclosure
- D. distributive justice
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, distributive justice. Distributive justice involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources among all individuals in society. Option A, autonomy, refers to the right of individuals to make their own decisions. Option B, ethics, pertains to moral principles. Option C, disclosure, refers to the act of making information known.
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