Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following types of diets is implicated in the development of diverticulosis?

• A. Low-fiber diet
• B. High-fiber diet
• C. High-protein diet
• D. Low-carbohydrate diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A low-fiber diet is implicated in the development of diverticulosis because it leads to harder stools and increased pressure in the colon. The lack of fiber results in decreased bulk and slower transit time, predisposing individuals to constipation and the formation of diverticula. High-fiber diets, on the other hand, promote regular bowel movements and help prevent diverticular disease. High-protein and low-carbohydrate diets do not have a direct association with diverticulosis.

2. Gail is scheduled for a cholecystectomy. After completion of preoperative teaching, Gail states,”If I lie still and avoid turning after the operation, I’ll avoid pain. Do you think this is a good idea?” What is the best response?

• A. You’ll need to turn from side to side every 2 hours.
• B. It’s always a good idea to rest quietly after surgery.
• C. The doctor will probably order you to lie flat for 24 hours.
• D. Why don’t you decide about activity after you return from the recovery room?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The best response to Gail is to inform her that she will need to turn from side to side every 2 hours to prevent complications.

3. The nurse is planning to teach the client with gastroesophageal reflux disease about substances that will increase the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Which of the following items would the nurse include on this list?

• A. Fatty foods
• B. Nonfat milk
• C. Chocolate
• D. Coffee

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Foods that increase the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure will decrease reflux, and lessen the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The food substance that will increase the LES pressure is nonfat milk. The other substances listed decrease the LES pressure, thus increasing reflux symptoms. Aggravating substances include chocolate, coffee, fatty foods and alcohol.

4. Which of the following symptoms is associated with ulcerative colitis?

• A. Dumping syndrome
• B. Rectal bleeding
• C. Soft stools
• D. Fistulas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rectal bleeding is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis due to the inflammation and ulceration of the colon lining.

5. Anna is 45 y.o. and has a bleeding ulcer. Despite multiple blood transfusions, her HGB is 7.5g/dl and HCT is 27%. Her doctor determines that surgical intervention is necessary and she undergoes partial gastrectomy. Postoperative nursing care includes:

• A. Giving pain medication Q6H.
• B. Flushing the NG tube with sterile water.
• C. Positioning her in high Fowler’s position.
• D. Keeping her NPO until the return of peristalsis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Postoperative care for a patient who underwent partial gastrectomy includes keeping her NPO until the return of peristalsis to prevent complications.

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