Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following actions would be of highest priority with regards to the external shunt?

• A. Avoid taking blood pressure or blood sample from the arm with the shunt
• B. Instruct the patient not to exercise the arm with the shunt
• C. Heparinize the shunt daily
• D. Change the dressing of the shunt daily

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Heparinizing the shunt daily (choice C) is the highest priority action as it prevents the formation of blood clots that can occlude the shunt, leading to potential complications such as thrombosis. Avoiding taking blood pressure or blood samples from the arm with the shunt (choice A) is also important, but secondary to heparinizing the shunt. Similarly, instructing the patient not to exercise the arm with the shunt (choice B) can help prevent unnecessary strain on the shunt, but it is not as critical as preventing clot formation. Changing the dressing of the shunt daily (choice D) is a standard nursing care practice to prevent infection, but again, it is not as critical as ensuring the shunt remains patent through daily heparinization.

2. Before the nurse researcher starts her study, she analyzes how much time, money, materials and people she will need to complete the research project. This analysis prior to beginning the study is called:

• A. Validity
• B. Feasibility
• C. Reliability
• D. Researchability

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. A nurse is preparing to teach a group of clients about vitamins and minerals. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following minerals is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses?

• A. Phosphorus
• B. Calcium
• C. Chloride
• D. Zinc

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Corrected Question: A nurse is preparing to teach a group of clients about vitamins and minerals. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following minerals is necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses? Correct Answer: Calcium Rationale: Calcium is crucial for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. It plays a vital role in the proper functioning of the nervous system. Phosphorus is important for bone health and energy metabolism, not nerve impulse transmission. Chloride is an electrolyte important for fluid balance but not directly involved in nerve impulse transmission. Zinc is essential for immune function and wound healing but not specifically required for nerve impulse transmission.

4. In obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity on a catheterized patient, the nurse is correct if:

• A. Clamp the catheter for 30 minutes, Alcoholize the tube above the clamp site, Obtain a sterile syringe and draw the
• B. Alcoholize the self sealing port, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen on the self sealing port
• C. Disconnect the drainage bag, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen from the drainage bag
• D. Disconnect the tube, obtain a sterile syringe and draw the specimen from the tube

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. Macronutrients include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. Fat
• B. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
• C. Carbohydrate
• D. Protein

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in large amounts to provide energy and include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. While protein is essential for the body, it is not classified as a macronutrient. Proteins are made up of amino acids and serve various functions in the body, such as building and repairing tissues, but they are not a direct energy source like carbohydrates and fats. Therefore, protein is the exception among the listed options, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Fat, Choice B, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Choice C, Carbohydrate, are all examples of macronutrients that provide energy and support various bodily functions.

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