Nursing Elites

1. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing in a patient post-surgery?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Protein
• C. Iron
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and wound healing.

2. What is the most likely demonstration of cardiac cachexia?

• A. Decreased physical activity
• B. Weight loss and tissue wasting
• C. Poor urine output and tissue edema
• D. Cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac cachexia is a condition characterized by severe weight loss and tissue wasting. This typically occurs in patients suffering from heart failure due to an increased energy expenditure and reduced appetite, which is why choice B is the correct answer. The other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the symptoms of cardiac cachexia. Decreased physical activity (choice A) can be a result of many conditions, not specifically cardiac cachexia. Poor urine output and tissue edema (choice C) are more indicative of kidney problems rather than cardiac cachexia. Finally, cardiac arrhythmia and wet lung sounds (choice D) are symptoms related to other cardiac conditions, not specifically to cardiac cachexia.

3. A nurse is teaching a nutrition class for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements should the nurse include about management of acute illness?

• A. Consume carbs every 3-4 hrs
• B. Decrease fluid intake to 1000 mL per day
• C. Monitor blood glucose twice per day
• D. Check urine for ketones every 24 hrs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is to 'Consume carbs every 3-4 hours.' During acute illness, it is important to maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake to help manage blood glucose levels for clients with type 2 diabetes. This frequent consumption can prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy needed during illness. Decreasing fluid intake (choice B) is not recommended during acute illness, as hydration is crucial to prevent complications. Monitoring blood glucose (choice C) more frequently than twice a day is necessary during acute illness. Checking urine for ketones (choice D) should be done more frequently than once every 24 hours during illness to monitor for diabetic ketoacidosis.

4. Based on universally-accepted color codes, what color would you expect a tank containing nitrous oxide (laughing gas) to have?

• A. Red
• B. Blue
• C. Green
• D. Orange

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red. In the medical field, tanks containing nitrous oxide (laughing gas) are typically color-coded with a specific color for easy identification. Nitrous oxide tanks are commonly labeled with a red color code. This color-coding system helps healthcare providers quickly and accurately identify the contents of the tanks, reducing the risk of errors in administering gases to patients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the universally-accepted color for nitrous oxide tanks is red, not blue, green, or orange.

5. Select all that apply. Characteristics of the 2 main types of essential fatty acids discussed in class include:

• A. they must be supplied by the diet
• B. they can be produced by a process called dehydrogenation
• C. they are anti-inflammatory
• D. they are all polyunsaturated fatty acids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'they must be supplied by the diet.' Essential fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through the diet. They are polyunsaturated fatty acids, playing vital roles in inflammation and cell membrane structure. Choice B is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by dehydrogenation, a process of removing hydrogen. Choice C is incorrect as not all essential fatty acids are anti-inflammatory; some have pro-inflammatory roles. Choice D is incorrect because not all essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated; omega-9, for example, is a monounsaturated essential fatty acid.

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