ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam
1. Which nutrient deficiency produces microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia?
- A. Zinc
- B. Iron
- C. Sodium
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A deficiency in iron can lead to various symptoms, such as microcytic anemia, fatigue, faulty digestion, blue sclerae, pale conjunctivae, and tachycardia. Iron-deficiency anemia may be caused by inadequate dietary intake; accelerated demand or losses; and inadequate absorption secondary to diarrhea, decreased acid secretions, or antacid therapy. Iron deficiency is frequently the result of postnatal feeding practices and has a serious impact on growth and mental and psychomotor development in infants and children. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as zinc deficiency typically presents with symptoms like impaired wound healing, taste abnormalities, and hair loss; sodium deficiency can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, dizziness, and confusion; and potassium deficiency may cause muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms.
2. A client is on a 2,000-calorie American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet and substitutes whole milk with skim milk. Which of the following items can the client add to the oatmeal on his breakfast tray?
- A. One 1/8 teaspoon of salt
- B. One ounce of raisins
- C. One tablespoon of low-fat margarine
- D. One teaspoon of brown sugar
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is one ounce of raisins. Raisins are a healthy option to add to oatmeal as they provide natural sweetness without added sugars. They are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Option A, one 1/8 teaspoon of salt, is not necessary for flavoring oatmeal. Option C, one tablespoon of low-fat margarine, may add unnecessary fat to the meal. Option D, one teaspoon of brown sugar, adds extra sugar, which should be limited in a diabetes-friendly diet.
3. What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?
- A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
- B. BMI > 31
- C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
- D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.
4. Churns chyme and has an environment of pH2; holds 4-6 cups of food:
- A. stomach
- B. pancreas
- C. large intestine
- D. small intestine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The stomach churns food into chyme and has a highly acidic environment (pH 2) to aid in the digestion of proteins and other nutrients.
5. What is the role of fat in digestion?
- A. Digest fats in the stomach
- B. Emulsify fats in the small intestine
- C. Transport fats through the circulatory system
- D. Split fats into smaller components
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emulsify fats in the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes like lipase. Choice A is incorrect as fats are not digested in the stomach but rather in the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect as fats are transported through the lymphatic system instead of the circulatory system. Choice D is incorrect as fats are broken down into smaller components through emulsification, not splitting.
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