ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023
1. Which menu choices for a child diagnosed with renal failure and experiencing hyperkalemia indicate the need for further instruction by the nurse?
- A. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables
- B. Spaghetti and meat sauce with breadsticks
- C. Hamburger on a bun and cherry gelatin
- D. Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Carrots and green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which should be avoided in hyperkalemia. Therefore, this choice requires further instruction by the nurse to prevent exacerbating the child's condition.
2. A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client who is obese. The nurse should include in the information that which of the following gastrointestinal disorders is commonly associated with obesity?
- A. Peptic ulcer disease
- B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- C. Celiac disease
- D. Crohn’s disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with obesity due to increased abdominal pressure and other factors. Peptic ulcer disease (Choice A) is not commonly associated with obesity. Celiac disease (Choice C) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption and is not directly linked to obesity. Crohn’s disease (Choice D) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease and is not specifically associated with obesity.
3. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?
- A. Renal function is not fully developed.
- B. Flexed posture favors heat loss.
- C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment.
- D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have a large surface area relative to their weight, which makes them prone to heat loss to the environment, leading to thermoregulation issues. The underdeveloped kidney affecting urine concentration (Choice A) is unrelated to the thermal regulation process. While a flexed posture can help retain heat (Choice B), it does not outweigh the impact of the large body surface area in neonates. Although subcutaneous fat (Choice D) provides insulation, in neonates, the large body surface area is more significant in contributing to heat loss than the fat's insulating properties.
4. Which nonpharmacological intervention does not help reduce edema?
- A. Heat therapy
- B. Passive range of motion (PROM)
- C. Elevation of the extremity
- D. Cold therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heat therapy. Heat therapy can vasodilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the area and potentially exacerbating edema. Passive range of motion (PROM), elevation of the extremity, and cold therapy are all beneficial interventions for reducing edema. PROM helps with circulation, elevation assists in reducing fluid accumulation, and cold therapy can help constrict blood vessels and decrease swelling.
5. Patients with gallbladder disease should reduce their intake of:
- A. Protein
- B. Sodium
- C. Cholesterol
- D. Fat
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Patients with gallbladder disease are advised to reduce their fat intake because fats can trigger gallbladder symptoms such as pain and bloating. While protein, sodium, and cholesterol may also impact overall health, reducing fat intake specifically helps manage gallbladder-related symptoms effectively. Protein is important for tissue repair, sodium can affect blood pressure, and cholesterol levels impact heart health, but in the context of gallbladder disease, fat reduction is the most beneficial.
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