Nursing Elites

1. A parent of a child with cystic fibrosis is being taught about dietary guidelines. Which statement by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. My child should eat a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
• B. My child should avoid eating eggs.
• C. My child should follow a low-fat, low-sodium diet.
• D. My child should follow a high-fiber, high-protein diet.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. For a child with cystic fibrosis, a high-calorie, high-protein diet is recommended to meet the increased metabolic needs associated with the condition. The protein helps with growth and repair, while the extra calories help compensate for malabsorption and increased energy requirements. Choice B is incorrect because eggs are a good source of protein and essential nutrients unless the child has a specific allergy. Choice C is incorrect as a low-fat, low-sodium diet is not typically recommended for children with cystic fibrosis who need higher calorie and fat intake. Choice D is incorrect because while a high-protein diet is beneficial, a high-fiber diet may not be suitable for a child with cystic fibrosis due to potential gastrointestinal issues.

2. Which parental statement at the end of a teaching session by the nurse indicates correct understanding of colostomy stoma care for the infant client?

• A. We will change the colostomy bag with each wet diaper.
• B. We will expect a moderate amount of bleeding after cleansing the area around the stoma.
• C. We will watch for skin irritation around the stoma.
• D. We will use adhesive enhancers when we change the bag.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choosing option C, 'We will watch for skin irritation around the stoma,' demonstrates understanding of proper colostomy stoma care. Monitoring for skin irritation is crucial as it can indicate issues such as leakage, improper sealing, or infection. Options A, B, and D are incorrect. Changing the colostomy bag with each wet diaper (option A) is unnecessary unless indicated by a healthcare provider to prevent skin breakdown. Expecting bleeding after cleansing (option B) is not normal and may signal a problem that requires medical attention. Using adhesive enhancers (option D) should be done based on specific recommendations and not necessarily with every bag change.

3. Which type of food is the most difficult to swallow?

• A. Raw Vegetables
• B. Strained Fruit
• C. Chopped Meat
• D. Mashed Vegetables

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chopped meat is the most difficult to swallow as it requires thorough chewing and coordination to avoid swallowing hazards, making it more challenging compared to raw vegetables, strained fruit, and mashed vegetables.

4. What is an initial sign of nephrosis that the nurse might note in a child?

• A. Raspberry-like rash
• B. Periorbital edema
• C. Temperature elevation
• D. Abdominal pain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, edema is a common symptom that is generalized and not easily noticeable, even by parents. However, an early sign that can be assessed by the nurse is periorbital edema, which refers to swelling around the eyes. This can be an initial indicator of nephrosis and may prompt further evaluation and intervention.

5. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 15-month-old child. Which of the following findings is a contraindication to the administration of this vaccine?

• A. Family history of egg allergy
• B. Currently taking antibiotics
• C. History of asthma
• D. Presence of rhinorrhea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Taking antibiotics is a contraindication to receiving the MMR vaccine because antibiotics can potentially interfere with the effectiveness of the vaccine. It is essential to avoid administering the MMR vaccine while the child is on antibiotics to ensure the vaccine provides the intended protection.

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