Nursing Elites

1. The following are all classes of nutrients except:

• A. protein
• B. fat
• C. carbs
• D. phytochemicals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Phytochemicals are not considered a class of nutrients. While proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients providing energy and structural support, phytochemicals are non-nutrient compounds found in plants that offer various health benefits but are not essential for sustaining life like the other three choices. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

2. A patient has begun taking furosemide to manage heart failure. What food should the nurse recommend that the patient consume frequently while taking this drug?

• A. legumes
• B. cabbage
• C. peanut butter
• D. bananas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss; therefore, it is recommended that patients consume potassium-rich foods like bananas to prevent hypokalemia.

3. One of the following statements is true with regards to the care of clients with depression:

• A. Only mentally ill persons commit suicide
• B. All depressed clients are considered potentially suicidal
• C. Most suicidal person gives no warning
• D. The chance of suicide lessens as depression lessens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. What principle is used when the client with fever loses heat through giving cooling bed bath to lower body temperature?

• A. Radiation C. Evaporation
• B. Convection D. Conduction
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the lab findings of a client who has Clostridium Difficile. Which of the following findings should indicate to the healthcare professional that the client is experiencing Fluid Volume Deficit?

• A. Hct 53%
• B. Potassium 3.5
• C. Sodium 145
• D. HbA1c 5

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An elevated hematocrit level (Hct 53%) indicates hemoconcentration, a sign of fluid volume deficit. Hct measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood and increases when there is a decrease in plasma volume, as seen in fluid volume deficit. Choices B, C, and D do not directly relate to fluid volume status. Potassium and sodium levels are more indicative of electrolyte imbalances, while HbA1c reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months and is not specific to fluid volume status.

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