which is an example of mechanical digestion select all that apply
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023

1. Which of the following are examples of mechanical digestion? Select all that apply.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Mechanical digestion involves physical movements that break down food in the digestive tract. Segmentation (choice B) and peristalsis (choice D), which are both movements of the muscles in the digestive tract, are examples of this type of digestion. Heat (choice A), on the other hand, is related to chemical digestion, not mechanical digestion. Therefore, choice C (Option B and D) is the correct answer as it includes both examples of mechanical digestion provided in the choices. Choices A and D are incorrect because heat (choice A) is not a mechanical digestion process, and peristalsis (choice D) is a movement that helps propel food along the digestive tract but is not directly involved in breaking down food physically.

2. A client with a body mass index of 28 is seeking dietary advice. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Referring the client to a weight-loss support group is the most appropriate action for a client with a body mass index of 28. This action can provide the necessary support, guidance, and motivation to help the client achieve their weight loss goals. Encouraging the client to continue their current daily caloric intake (Choice A) may not address the need for weight loss. Recommending a total fiber intake of 12g per day (Choice B) is important for overall health but may not directly address weight loss. Advising the client to add 500 calories per day to their diet (Choice C) would not be beneficial for weight loss in this scenario.

3. The only IV fluid compatible with blood products is:

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 18 mg of iron per day for women 19 to 50 years old, 8 mg/day for women 51 years old and older, and men 19 years old and older. During menstruation, women lose blood containing iron, leading to a higher iron requirement in premenopausal women compared to men or postmenopausal women. This increased demand aims to replenish the iron lost during this physiological process. Therefore, the statement and reason are directly linked, explaining why the RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than in men or postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

5. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.

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