ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. A school-age client is in the playroom when the respiratory therapist arrives to give a scheduled breathing treatment. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
- A. Escort the child to their room and ask the child-life specialist to bring toys to the bedside
- B. Reschedule the treatment for a later time
- C. Assist the child back to their room for the treatment but reassure them that they may return when the procedure is completed
- D. Show the respiratory therapist to the playroom
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate action is to assist the child back to their room for the treatment but reassure them that they may return when the procedure is completed. This approach ensures that the child receives the necessary treatment while also acknowledging their desire to continue playing in the playroom. Choice A is incorrect because it suggests moving the child to the room and asking the child-life specialist to bring toys, which may not be necessary. Choice B is incorrect as rescheduling the treatment may not be in the best interest of the child's health. Choice D is incorrect as the nurse should guide the child back to their room for the treatment.
2. Which disease would require strict isolation of the patient?
- A. Mumps
- B. Chickenpox
- C. Exanthema subitum (roseola)
- D. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chickenpox. Chickenpox is highly infectious and is transmitted through direct contact, droplet spread, and contaminated objects. Due to its high communicability, strict isolation of the patient is necessary to prevent the spread of the disease. Mumps is primarily transmitted through direct contact with the infected person's saliva, with peak contagiousness before the onset of swelling. Exanthema subitum (roseola) has an unknown transmission source. Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is contagious before the appearance of symptoms. Therefore, these diseases do not require the same level of strict isolation as chickenpox.
3. Which finding suggests fluid volume deficit in an infant presenting with vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days?
- A. Increased blood pressure
- B. A sunken fontanel
- C. Decreased pulse rate
- D. Low urine specific gravity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A sunken fontanel is a classic sign of dehydration in infants, indicating a fluid volume deficit. In dehydration, the fontanel sinks due to decreased fluid volume in the body. Increased blood pressure (Choice A) is not typically associated with dehydration in infants. Decreased pulse rate (Choice C) is not a common finding in fluid volume deficit, as the body tries to increase the heart rate to compensate for decreased volume. Low urine specific gravity (Choice D) may be seen in dehydration, but it is not as specific or as easily observable as a sunken fontanel.
4. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child did not have a sickle cell crisis until he was approximately 6 months old. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Your child probably had a crisis, and you were unaware of the symptoms.
- B. Are you sure your child has sickle cell anemia and not sickle cell trait?
- C. Affected children can be asymptomatic in early infancy because of high levels of fetal hemoglobin that inhibit sickling.
- D. Have you asked your doctor about this yet?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is present in high levels during early infancy, inhibiting sickling unlike adult hemoglobin (HbS). As the levels of HbF decrease and HbS increases, the risk of sickling and crises becomes more pronounced, typically after 6 months of age. Choice A is incorrect because it assumes the crisis went unnoticed, which is not supported by medical knowledge. Choice B is incorrect as it questions the child's diagnosis rather than explaining the phenomenon of delayed crises. Choice D is incorrect as it does not provide the parents with the necessary information regarding their query.
5. The nurse is planning an educational session for a group of 9-year-olds and their parents aimed at decreasing injuries and accidents among this age group. Which topics should be included in the educational session to accomplish the goal?
- A. Safety rules when dealing with fire to prevent burns.
- B. Safety rules when dealing with toxic substances to prevent poisonings.
- C. Pedestrian, motor vehicle, and bike safety rules.
- D. Safety information regarding the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).
Correct answer: C
Rationale: For school-aged children, pedestrian, motor vehicle, and bike safety are critical areas to focus on as accidents involving these are common in this age group. Education about fire safety and toxic substances is also important, but the priority is on preventing accidents in everyday activities. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are not the most relevant for addressing the goal of decreasing injuries and accidents in this age group.