Nursing Elites

1. A sixteen-year-old boy is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. What information should the nurse know regarding the treatment plan?

• A. Amputation of the affected extremity is rarely necessary.
• B. Intensive radiation is the primary treatment modality.
• C. Treatment usually consists of surgery and chemotherapy.
• D. Bone marrow transplantation is the preferred option for long-term survival.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Osteosarcoma is typically treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. This approach aims to remove the tumor and reduce the risk of metastasis. Amputation of the affected extremity may be necessary in some cases to ensure complete removal of the tumor. Intensive radiation is not the primary treatment for osteosarcoma, and bone marrow transplantation is not the standard treatment for this type of cancer.

2. The parents of an infant with a cleft palate ask the nurse, "What follow-up care will our infant need after the repair?" Which is an accurate response by the nurse?

• A. Your infant will not need any subsequent follow-up care
• B. Your infant will only need to be evaluated by an audiologist
• C. Your infant will only need follow-up with a speech pathologist
• D. Your infant will need follow-up with audiologists and orthodontists

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After cleft palate repair, the child will need ongoing follow-up with audiologists, speech pathologists, and orthodontists to monitor hearing, speech development, and dental alignment.

3. Rectal temperatures are indicated in which situation?

• A. In the newborn period
• B. Whenever accuracy is essential
• C. Rectal temperatures are never indicated
• D. When rapid temperature changes are occurring

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rectal temperatures provide the most accurate measurement of core body temperature and are therefore indicated when accuracy is essential.

4. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation. The mother asks the nurse for information on nutrition and if formula would be better since the baby is premature. What is the foundation for the response to the mother by the nurse?

• A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition.
• B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients when the infant is preterm.
• C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred over other types of nutrition.
• D. Commercial infant formulas have not been designed to meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Human milk is the preferred food for infants, including preterm infants. It contains essential ingredients necessary for the infant's growth and development. The mother should pump her breasts to provide milk for the infant if the child is receiving enteral feedings. Once the infant can coordinate breathing, sucking, and swallowing, breastfeeding directly is encouraged. Studies have shown that preterm infants fed fortified human milk have better outcomes compared to those fed commercial infant formulas. Commercial infant formulas may not fully meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, leading to potential longer hospital stays. Therefore, human milk is the best choice for feeding premature infants.

5. The parents of a child born with ambiguous genitalia tell the nurse that family and friends are asking what caused the baby to be this way. Tests are being done to assist in gender assignment. What should the nurse's intervention include?

• A. Explain the disorder so they can explain it to others.
• B. Help parents understand that this is a minor problem.
• C. Suggest that parents avoid family and friends until the gender is assigned.
• D. Encourage parents not to worry while the tests are being done.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: It is important for the nurse to provide the parents with accurate information so they can confidently explain the situation to others, helping to reduce stress and misinformation. Avoiding family and friends or minimizing the problem is not helpful.

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