ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B
1. Which condition is characterized by a harsh, barking cough in children?
- A. Asthma
- B. Bronchiolitis
- C. Croup
- D. Pneumonia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough due to inflammation of the upper airways, specifically the larynx and trachea. Asthma (Choice A) often presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchiolitis (Choice B) typically causes wheezing and respiratory distress in infants. Pneumonia (Choice D) manifests with symptoms such as fever, productive cough, and chest pain, but not usually a barking cough.
2. Nurse DMLM is correct in identifying the correct sequence of events during abdominal assessment if she identifies which of the following?
- A. Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
- B. Inspection, Percussion, Palpation, Auscultation
- C. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
- D. Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Percussion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct sequence for abdominal assessment is Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation. Start with Inspection to observe any visible abnormalities, followed by Auscultation to listen for bowel sounds, then Percussion to assess the density of underlying structures, and finally Palpation to feel for any tenderness or masses. Choices A, B, and C have the incorrect sequence of assessment techniques.
3. Which of the following is a common sign of vitamin D deficiency?
- A. Brittle nails
- B. Muscle weakness
- C. Night blindness
- D. Hair loss
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Muscle weakness is a common sign of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health, and its deficiency can lead to muscle weakness. Brittle nails (Choice A) are not typically associated with vitamin D deficiency. Night blindness (Choice C) is related to vitamin A deficiency, not vitamin D deficiency. Hair loss (Choice D) can be linked to various factors, but it is not a common sign of vitamin D deficiency.
4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a dose of Hydromorphone IV to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Administer the medication over 5 minutes.
- B. Administer a dose of Naloxone prior to giving the Hydromorphone.
- C. Assess the client's blood pressure prior to administration.
- D. Inject the medication into the client's subcutaneous tissue.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The healthcare professional should administer IV Hydromorphone slowly over 5 minutes to reduce the risk of hypotension and respiratory depression. Rapid administration can lead to adverse effects due to its potency. Choice B is incorrect because Naloxone is used as an antidote for opioid overdose, not routinely administered with Hydromorphone. Choice C is important but not specific to the administration of Hydromorphone. Choice D is incorrect as Hydromorphone is intended for intravenous use, not subcutaneous injection.
5. The patient has been in bed for several days and needs to be ambulated. What action should the nurse take first?
- A. Dangle the patient at the bedside.
- B. Encourage isometric exercises.
- C. Suggest a high-calcium diet.
- D. Maintain a narrow base of support.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Dangle the patient at the bedside.' When a patient has been in bed for an extended period and needs to be ambulated, it is essential to dangle the patient at the bedside first. Dangling involves helping the patient sit on the edge of the bed with their legs over the side before standing up. This action helps prevent orthostatic hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure when moving from lying down to standing up, which can lead to dizziness or fainting. Encouraging isometric exercises (choice B) or suggesting a high-calcium diet (choice C) are not the first actions to take before ambulating a patient. Maintaining a narrow base of support (choice D) is related to assisting with ambulation but is not the initial step that should be taken.
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