Nursing Elites

1. Which condition is characterized by a "barking" cough in children?

• A. Asthma
• B. Bronchiolitis
• C. Croup
• D. Pneumonia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. It is characterized by a distinctive "barking" cough, typically worse at night, caused by the inflammation of the upper airway, specifically the larynx and trachea. Asthma (Choice A) typically presents with wheezing and shortness of breath rather than a barking cough. Bronchiolitis (Choice B) commonly causes wheezing and respiratory distress in infants and young children. Pneumonia (Choice D) often presents with symptoms like fever, productive cough, and chest pain, but not typically a barking cough.

2. What statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

• A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
• B. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
• C. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
• D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Renal transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for children with end-stage renal disease, as it offers the best chance for a normal lifestyle compared to long-term dialysis. Transplantation can be performed at any age, and kidneys can come from adult donors as well.

3. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a daycare setting?

• A. Handwashing
• B. Isolating sick children
• C. Disinfecting toys
• D. Encouraging vaccination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Handwashing is indeed the most effective way to prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Proper hand hygiene helps in removing and killing germs that can cause infections. While isolating sick children and disinfecting toys are important measures to prevent the spread of diseases, they are not as effective as handwashing. Encouraging vaccination, in this case, is not relevant since there is no specific vaccine available for hand, foot, and mouth disease.

4. A new dad is concerned about his toddler's play patterns. The nurse informs him that ____________ play is normally exhibited by toddlers:

• A. Associative
• B. Team
• C. Solitary
• D. Parallel

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Parallel.' Parallel play is a common play pattern observed in toddlers where they play alongside each other without direct interaction. This type of play allows toddlers to observe and mimic each other's actions, aiding in their social development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Associative play involves some interaction between children, team play involves organized group activities, and solitary play is when a child plays alone, all of which are not typically exhibited by toddlers during play.

5. A parent asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis was improving. What would be the nurse's best response?

• A. Blood pressure will stabilize.
• B. Your child will have more energy.
• C. Urine will be free of protein.
• D. Urine output will increase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Increased urine output is often the first sign that acute glomerulonephritis is improving, as it indicates a reduction in fluid retention and better kidney function. Stabilization of blood pressure and other symptoms typically follow.

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