Nursing Elites

1. When the nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especially important?

• A. Focus the discussion on the peer group
• B. Allow an opportunity to express feelings
• C. Use the same type of language as the adolescent
• D. Emphasize that confidentiality will always be maintained

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Allowing adolescents to express their feelings helps them feel heard and supported, which is crucial for effective communication.

2. Which intervention is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain?

• A. Rub gums with aspirin to relieve inflammation
• B. Apply hydrogen peroxide to gums to relieve irritation
• C. Give the infant a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation
• D. Have the infant chew on a warm teething ring to encourage tooth eruption

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A frozen teething ring is effective for relieving teething pain as the cold helps numb the gums and reduce inflammation, making it a safe and effective method for managing discomfort

3. A 3-year-old child, previously potty-trained, becomes a bed-wetter again during a hospital stay. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the parents?

• A. “Your child is no longer potty-trained and will need to be retrained when she goes home.”
• B. “The child may have developed a bladder infection in the hospital. I will notify the doctor.”
• C. “Preschool children may regress in their behaviors when they are ill in the hospital but should return to normal when they go back home.”
• D. “Don’t worry about it, she is fine.”

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During a hospital stay, preschool children may exhibit regression in behaviors such as bed-wetting due to stress. It is important for parents to understand that this behavior is a common response to the hospital environment and should resolve once the child is back home. Therefore, the correct explanation for the nurse to provide to the parents is choice C. Choice A is incorrect because it inaccurately states that the child is no longer potty-trained. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes a medical issue without evidence. Choice D is incorrect as it dismisses the parents' concerns without addressing the underlying cause of the behavior.

4. Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

• A. Hyperreflexia
• B. Abdominal cramps
• C. Cardiac dysrhythmias
• D. Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hypernatremia often presents with dry, sticky mucous membranes due to dehydration. Hyperreflexia and abdominal cramps may also occur, but dry mucous membranes are more consistently observed in cases of sodium excess.

5. The nurse is planning care for a patient with a different ethnic background. Which should be an appropriate goal?

• A. Adapt, as necessary, ethnic practices to health needs
• B. Attempt, in a nonjudgmental way, to change ethnic beliefs
• C. Encourage continuation of ethnic practices in the hospital setting
• D. Strive to keep ethnic background from influencing health needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adapting ethnic practices to health needs respects the patient's cultural background while ensuring that care is effective and culturally sensitive.

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