Nursing Elites

1. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation and asks if formula is better than breast milk since the baby is premature. What should the nurse respond?

• A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition
• B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients for preterm infants
• C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred for preterm infants
• D. Commercial formulas have not been designed to meet preterm infants' needs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Human milk is preferred, even for preterm infants, because it contains essential nutrients and antibodies that are particularly beneficial for their growth and development. Choice B is incorrect because human milk is rich in essential nutrients necessary for preterm infants. Choice C is incorrect as commercial infant formulas do not provide the same benefits as human milk. Choice D is incorrect as specialized formulas are available to meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, but human milk remains the optimal choice.

2. According to Erikson’s developmental theory, toddlers need to be encouraged to become independent to successfully complete which developmental challenge?

• A. Trust vs. mistrust
• B. Industry vs. inferiority
• C. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• D. Initiative vs. guilt

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Erikson's developmental stage for toddlers focuses on the conflict between developing a sense of independence (autonomy) and feelings of inadequacy (shame and doubt). Encouraging toddlers to explore their environment and make choices helps them build self-confidence and independence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trust vs. mistrust relates to infancy, industry vs. inferiority is associated with school-age children, and initiative vs. guilt is linked to preschoolers.

3. What is characteristic of a neonate’s vision?

• A. Pupils react to light
• B. Tear glands function
• C. Blink reflex is absent
• D. Ciliary muscles are mature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Pupils react to light.' Newborns' pupils do react to light, indicating that the visual pathway is functioning. However, a neonate's vision is still developing, and they can only focus on objects close to their face. Choice B is incorrect because tear glands are functional at birth. Choice C is incorrect because the blink reflex is present in neonates and helps protect their eyes. Choice D is incorrect as neonates' ciliary muscles are not fully developed.

4. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?

• A. Heart disease
• B. Childhood cancer
• C. Unintentional injuries
• D. Congenital anomalies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among children older than 1 year in the United States.

5. The nurse is preparing to admit a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The nurse understands that the peak age at onset for this disease is what?

• A. 2 to 4 years
• B. 5 to 7 years
• C. 8 to 10 years
• D. 11 to 13 years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The peak age for the onset of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is typically between 5 and 7 years old. This age group is most affected due to the higher incidence of streptococcal infections in school-aged children, which can lead to this renal complication.

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