Nursing Elites

1. When assessing Richard for chest percussion or chest vibration and postural drainage, Mario would focus on the following EXCEPT:

• A. Amount of food and fluid taken during the last meal before treatment
• B. Respiratory rate, breath sounds, and location of congestion
• C. Teaching the client's relatives to perform the procedure
• D. Doctor's order regarding position restrictions and client's tolerance for lying flat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because when assessing Richard for chest percussion or chest vibration and postural drainage, Mario would focus on various aspects such as the amount of food and fluid taken before treatment to prevent complications during the procedure, teaching the client's relatives to perform the procedure correctly, and following the doctor's orders regarding position restrictions and the client's tolerance for lying flat. Respiratory rate, breath sounds, and location of congestion would be assessed during the procedure itself, not as part of the pre-assessment.

2. Select all that apply. A person who is deficient in vitamin A could consume which of the following to increase vitamin A levels?

• A. cantaloupe
• B. eggs
• C. carrots
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin A can be found in high amounts in foods like cantaloupe, eggs, carrots, and milk, all of which help to maintain healthy vision, skin, and immune function.

3. Why is a pulse oximeter attached to Mr. Dizon's finger?

• A. To determine if the patient's hemoglobin level is low and if he requires a blood transfusion
• B. To check the level of the patient's tissue perfusion
• C. To measure the effectiveness of the patient's anti-hypertensive medications
• D. To detect oxygen saturation of arterial blood before symptoms of hypoxemia develop

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A pulse oximeter is used to detect the oxygen saturation levels in arterial blood before the onset of hypoxemia symptoms. This device provides essential information about the effectiveness of oxygen transportation to the body's tissues. Choice A is incorrect because a pulse oximeter does not directly measure hemoglobin levels nor determine the need for a blood transfusion. Choice B is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is designed specifically to assess oxygen saturation, not tissue perfusion. Choice C is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is not used to measure the efficacy of anti-hypertensive medications, but rather to monitor oxygen levels in the blood.

4. What differentiates one amino acid from another?

• A. The amine group
• B. The acid group
• C. The side chain
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The side chain, also known as the R group, is what differentiates one amino acid from another. It imparts unique properties to each amino acid, thereby influencing their roles and functions in proteins. The amine group (Choice A) and the acid group (Choice B) are components of all amino acids and do not cause the differences among various amino acids. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests that none of the given options account for the differences, which is not true as the side chain does.

5. Which meal should be removed for a client taking warfarin?

• A. Oriental cabbage salad with chicken
• B. Beef enchilada, rice, and beans
• C. Ham and cheese sandwich
• D. Macaroni salad and grapefruit slices

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct meal to remove for a client taking warfarin is the 'Ham and cheese sandwich.' Ham is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin, a medication that works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. Vitamin K can counteract the effects of warfarin by promoting blood clotting. Choices A, B, and D do not contain high amounts of vitamin K and are therefore safer options for individuals taking warfarin.

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