what prevents gastric acid from damaging the stomach
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam

1. How is the stomach protected from damage by gastric acid?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The stomach is protected from gastric acid by a thick mucus lining that acts as a physical barrier, preventing the acid from eroding the stomach walls. Enzymes in the stomach help with digestion but do not play a significant role in protecting the stomach from acid damage, so choice A is incorrect. While some bacteria in the stomach can be beneficial, they do not primarily protect the stomach from gastric acid, making choice B incorrect. Bicarbonate, a base, can neutralize acid, but it is not the primary defense mechanism against gastric acid in the stomach, so choice C is also incorrect.

2. A nurse is planning care for a client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing food. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the client to rest prior to mealtimes. This intervention can help reduce fatigue and improve the ability to swallow. Turning on the client’s television during meals (choice A) may distract the client but does not directly address the swallowing issue. Placing the client into a semi-reclining position for meals (choice B) can help with swallowing difficulties, but resting before meals is more beneficial. Encouraging the client to use a straw when drinking liquids (choice D) is not the priority intervention for swallowing difficulties in this scenario.

3. In cleaning the stoma, the nurse would use which of the following cleaning mediums?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. What is the form in which energy from excess intake of proteins, fats, alcohol, and carbohydrates is stored?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the body consumes more energy than it needs, the surplus is stored as fat, regardless of whether the energy source was proteins, fats, alcohol, or carbohydrates. This is why the correct answer is 'Fat'. Other choices are incorrect because, in excess intake situations, the body does not store surplus energy as proteins, carbohydrates, or alcohol.

5. After a vaginal examination, the nurse determines that the client’s fetus is in an occiput posterior position. The nurse would anticipate that the client will have:

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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