Nursing Elites

1. What physiologic role does calcium play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation.' Calcium plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, membrane permeability, and activation of certain enzymes. Choice B is incorrect because while calcium is involved in calcium homeostasis, it is not the only role it plays in the body. Choice C is incorrect as calcium indeed has several known metabolic functions, and it is not solely for preventing caries. Choice D is also incorrect as the functions mentioned are primarily carried out by other nutrients and not specifically by calcium.

2. In consideration of the steps in applying the bag technique, which side of the paper lining of the CHN bag is considered clean to make a non-contaminated work area?

• A. The lower lip
• B. The outer surface
• C. The upper tip
• D. The inside surface

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. What food assistance program provides a food debit card for older adults with low incomes?

• A. the OAA Nutrition Program
• B. Meals on Wheels
• C. the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
• D. the Emergency Food Assistance Program

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SNAP provides a food debit card to assist low-income individuals, including older adults, in purchasing food. Choice A, the OAA Nutrition Program, is incorrect as it refers to a different program specifically focused on providing nutrition services to older adults. Choice B, Meals on Wheels, is incorrect as it is a meal delivery service for homebound individuals rather than a food debit card program. Choice D, the Emergency Food Assistance Program, is incorrect as it typically involves the distribution of emergency food supplies rather than providing a food debit card.

4. Amy is a 68-year-old patient who has rheumatoid arthritis affecting her hands and feet. Which substance has been shown to reduce joint tenderness and improve mobility in some people with this type of arthritis?

• A. Alfalfa Tea
• B. Cod Liver Oil
• C. Lecithin
• D. Fish Oil

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fish oil has been identified as a substance that can help reduce joint tenderness and improve mobility in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, as it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, while Alfalfa Tea, Cod Liver Oil, and Lecithin have various health benefits, there isn't substantial evidence to suggest that they can improve conditions associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

5. A client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is being taught by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Limit high-calorie supplements to between meals
• B. Avoid overeating during your 'good' days
• C. Eat hot foods instead of cold foods
• D. Consume nutrient-dense foods first

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is to consume nutrient-dense foods first. This ensures that the client receives the necessary calories and nutrients. Option A is incorrect because high-calorie supplements should not be limited but rather incorporated wisely into the diet. Option B is incorrect as overeating is not recommended regardless of the type of day. Option C is incorrect as there is no specific preference for hot foods over cold foods in managing anorexia during radiation therapy.

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