Nursing Elites

1. What role does genetic predisposition play in the development of mental disorders?

• A. Genetic predisposition guarantees the development of mental disorders.
• B. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role but is not the only factor in developing mental disorders.
• C. Genetic predisposition is irrelevant in mental health.
• D. Genetic predisposition can be completely overridden by environmental factors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of mental disorders, interacting with environmental factors. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain mental disorders, it is not a guarantee that the disorders will develop. Environmental factors, such as lifestyle, upbringing, and traumatic experiences, also play a crucial role in the manifestation of mental health conditions. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predisposition does have relevance in mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predisposition and environmental factors both contribute to the development of mental disorders, neither completely overriding the other.

2. What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior?

• A. Socioeconomic status does not affect the prevalence of abnormal behavior.
• B. There is a positive correlation between low socioeconomic status and a higher prevalence of abnormal behavior.
• C. Higher socioeconomic status is associated with a lower prevalence of abnormal behavior.
• D. Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior are unrelated.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. There is a positive correlation between low socioeconomic status and a higher prevalence of abnormal behavior. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status may face more stressors, reduced access to mental health resources, and other challenges that can contribute to a higher prevalence of abnormal behavior. Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic status does affect the prevalence of abnormal behavior. Choice C is incorrect because higher socioeconomic status is not associated with a lower prevalence of abnormal behavior. Choice D is incorrect as there is a clear relationship between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of abnormal behavior.

3. Dr. Lee is studying pain perception using a functionalist perspective. It is most likely that Dr. Lee would suggest that we can only understand the conscious experience of pain?

• A. If all the component parts that make up the experience of pain are understood.
• B. By observing the outward expression of pain in response to different stimuli.
• C. If we first understand the role of pain in human survival and adaptation.
• D. If we understand the unconscious processes that initiate the sensation of pain.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functionalist perspective, as used by Dr. Lee, focuses on understanding the role of pain in human survival and adaptation. This perspective suggests that to fully comprehend pain perception, one must first grasp the significance of pain in terms of its adaptive functions and impact on behavior. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the functionalist perspective, as they do not emphasize the role of pain in human survival and adaptation.

4. What are influences that are unusual events with a major impact on individual lives because they disrupt the expected sequence of the life cycle?

• A. Nonnormative influences
• B. Normative history-graded influence
• C. Normative age-graded influence
• D. Sensitive period

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nonnormative influences refer to unusual events that have a significant impact on individuals' lives by disrupting the typical life cycle. They are events that are not typical for a specific age or cohort. Normative history-graded influences (choice B) are common influences shared by a specific generation due to historical circumstances. Normative age-graded influences (choice C) are typical events that occur at a particular age for most people. A sensitive period (choice D) is a biologically determined time during which specific experiences have a lasting impact on development.

5. Dr. Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as auditory processing, it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts. Dr. Asgaard's views are most consistent with those of?

• A. William James.
• B. Ivan Pavlov.
• C. Carl Rogers.
• D. Edward Titchener.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Edward Titchener. Dr. Asgaard's belief aligns with Titchener's approach of structuralism, which emphasizes understanding the components of consciousness. William James (choice A) was associated with functionalism, focusing on the purpose of behavior rather than its structure. Ivan Pavlov (choice B) was known for classical conditioning in behaviorism, not structuralism. Carl Rogers (choice C) was a major figure in humanistic psychology, emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization, which is not directly related to understanding component parts of processes.

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