Nursing Elites

1. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with epiglottitis?

• A. Administer antibiotics
• B. Maintain airway patency
• C. Provide hydration
• D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain airway patency. When dealing with a child with epiglottitis, the priority nursing intervention is to ensure airway patency to prevent airway obstruction, which can lead to respiratory distress or failure. Administering antibiotics (choice A) is important to treat the infection, but airway management takes precedence. Providing hydration (choice C) and monitoring vital signs (choice D) are essential aspects of care but are secondary to securing the airway in a child with epiglottitis.

2. An infant is born with anencephaly. Based on the knowledge of this diagnosis, what information does the nurse consider when interacting with the family?

• A. Many treatment options exist.
• B. Immediate surgery is necessary.
• C. The condition is incompatible with life.
• D. The child will have permanent disabilities.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'The condition is incompatible with life.' Anencephaly is the most serious neural tube defect where both hemispheres of the brain are absent. It is incompatible with life, as there are no medical or surgical treatment options available. While some infants with mature brain stem function can maintain vital functions for a short period, anencephaly is ultimately not survivable. Choice A is incorrect as there are no treatment options for anencephaly. Choice B is incorrect as immediate surgery is not necessary for this condition. Choice D is incorrect as an infant with anencephaly will not have permanent disabilities since the condition is not compatible with life.

3. Chemicals, agents, or factors that cause physical defects in the developing embryo and are most harmful during organogenesis are:

• A. Teratogens
• B. Heterozygous
• C. Inborn errors
• D. Multifactorial

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Teratogens are substances that can cause congenital abnormalities, especially during the first trimester when organogenesis occurs. Choice A, Teratogens, is the correct answer as it specifically refers to substances that cause physical defects in the developing embryo. Choices B, Heterozygous, C, Inborn errors, and D, Multifactorial, are incorrect as they do not directly relate to substances that cause physical defects in embryos during organogenesis.

4. Apgar scoring is conducted at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth. It is used to determine:

• A. Major body systems’ responses at birth
• B. Future intelligence of the newborn
• C. Level of parent and newborn interaction
• D. Gestational age of the newborn

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Apgar score assesses a newborn's physical condition immediately after birth by evaluating heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex response, and color. Therefore, the correct answer is A. The other choices are incorrect because B) the Apgar score does not predict future intelligence, C) it does not measure parent and newborn interaction, and D) it is not used to determine gestational age.

5. For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs?

• A. Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal
• B. Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides
• C. Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal
• D. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The effectiveness of prednisone in treating MCNS is indicated by diuresis and a decrease in urinary protein excretion. Subsidence of generalized edema is also a positive sign, but the key indicator is the reduction in proteinuria, which is achieved through diuresis.

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