Nursing Elites

1. What is the narrowing of the preputial opening of the foreskin called?

• A. Chordee
• B. Phimosis
• C. Epispadias
• D. Hypospadias

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phimosis is the condition where the foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis due to a narrowing of the preputial opening. Chordee, epispadias, and hypospadias are different conditions involving the penis's structure.

2. When teaching a mother how to administer eye drops, where should the nurse tell her to place them?

• A. At the lacrimal duct
• B. On the sclera while the child looks to the outside
• C. In the conjunctival sac when the lower eyelid is pulled down
• D. Carefully under the eyelid while it is gently pulled upward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eye drops should be placed in the conjunctival sac, which allows the medication to be absorbed properly without causing irritation. Placing drops directly on the sclera or near the lacrimal duct is less effective and can cause discomfort.

3. A major reason for the development of respiratory distress syndrome in the preterm infant is:

• A. Excessive surfactant
• B. Lack of surfactant
• C. Immature immune system
• D. Lack of body fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lack of surfactant. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants is primarily due to a lack of surfactant, which is crucial for keeping the lungs inflated. Without adequate surfactant, the alveoli collapse, leading to breathing difficulties. Choice A, Excessive surfactant, is incorrect as RDS is caused by an insufficient amount of surfactant. Choice C, Immature immune system, and Choice D, Lack of body fat, are not directly related to the development of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.

4. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, what is the most advanced need provided by the home environment?

• A. Love
• B. Self-actualization
• C. Esteem
• D. Physiological

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, self-actualization. Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, representing the realization of one's full potential. While love is an essential need, self-actualization builds upon the fulfillment of basic needs like safety and love. Esteem needs relate to feelings of accomplishment and recognition, which come before self-actualization. Physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter are the most basic needs at the bottom of the hierarchy.

5. A new mom is instructed to have her toddler brush his teeth every night after dinner. This is an example of __________ which increases the toddler’s sense of security and self-mastery.

• A. Negativism
• B. Diversionary activity
• C. Critical play
• D. Ritualism

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Ritualism. Establishing routines like brushing teeth every night after dinner helps toddlers feel secure and in control. Choice A, Negativism, refers to a child's oppositional behavior. Choice B, Diversionary activity, involves redirecting attention to something else. Choice C, Critical play, does not relate to the scenario of establishing a routine for the toddler.

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