ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. What type of dehydration occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit?
- A. Isotonic dehydration
- B. Hypotonic dehydration
- C. Hypertonic dehydration
- D. Hyperosmotic dehydration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hypotonic dehydration occurs when the loss of electrolytes exceeds the loss of water, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolarity. This often occurs when sodium loss is greater than water loss, as in diarrhea or vomiting.
2. An infant, age 5 months, is brought to the clinic by his parents for a well-baby checkup. What is the best advice that the nurse should include at this time about injury prevention?
- A. Keep buttons, beads, and other small objects out of his reach.
- B. Do not permit him to chew paint from window ledges because he might absorb too much lead.
- C. When he learns to roll over, you must supervise him whenever he is on a surface from which he might fall.
- D. Lock the crib sides securely because he may stand and lean against them and fall out of bed.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Small objects are a choking hazard for infants, so it is crucial to keep them out of reach to prevent injury.
3. What is an approximate method of estimating output for a child who is not toilet trained?
- A. Have parents estimate output.
- B. Weigh diapers after each void.
- C. Place a urine collection device on the child.
- D. Have the child sit on a potty chair 30 minutes after eating.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Weighing diapers is the most accurate way to estimate urine output in a child who is not toilet trained. This method provides a measurable and reliable estimate of fluid output.
4. Which is the most frequently used test for measuring visual acuity?
- A. Snellen letter chart
- B. Ishihara vision test
- C. Allen picture card test
- D. Denver eye screening test
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Snellen letter chart is the most commonly used test for measuring visual acuity, particularly in school-age children and adults.
5. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?
- A. Suicide and cancer
- B. Suicide and homicide
- C. Drowning and cancer
- D. Homicide and heart disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Suicide and homicide are significant causes of death in adolescents, highlighting the need for mental health and violence prevention programs.
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