ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. What is the most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth?
- A. Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing
- B. Body temperature maintenance
- C. Stabilization of fluid and electrolytes
- D. Closure of fetal shunts in the heart
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing. The most critical physiological change required of newborns at birth is the initiation of breathing. This transition is crucial for the newborn to start exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide outside the womb, marking the beginning of their independent respiratory function. Choices B, C, and D are important aspects of newborn care but are not as immediately critical as the establishment of breathing for oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, which is essential for the newborn's survival and adaptation to extrauterine life.
2. After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?
- A. Race
- B. School
- C. Social Class
- D. Government
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Schools play a significant role in providing continuity between generations by imparting cultural values, social norms, and knowledge to children.
3. What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?
- A. Pyelonephritis
- B. Tubular destruction
- C. Severe dehydration
- D. Upper tract obstruction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.
4. Which describe the feelings and behaviors of adolescents related to divorce? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Disturbed concept of sexuality
- B. All are applicable
- C. Worry about themselves, parents, or siblings
- D. Expression of anger, sadness, shame, or embarrassment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Adolescents may withdraw from social interactions, worry about the impact of the divorce, and express strong emotions such as anger or sadness.
5. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?
- A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
- B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
- C. Male, even-tempered, history of previous injuries
- D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A male child with a high activity level and a stressful home life has multiple risk factors for childhood injuries, requiring closer supervision and preventive measures.