ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. What is the most critical physiologic change required of newborns at birth?
- A. Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing
- B. Body temperature maintenance
- C. Stabilization of fluid and electrolytes
- D. Closure of fetal shunts in the heart
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transition from fetal to neonatal breathing. The onset of breathing is the most immediate and critical physiologic change required for the transition to extrauterine life. Factors that interfere with this normal transition increase fetal asphyxia, which is a condition of hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. While body temperature maintenance, stabilization of fluid and electrolytes, and closure of fetal shunts in the heart are crucial changes in the transition to extrauterine life, breathing and the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide must take precedence as they are essential for newborn survival.
2. The nurse is teaching a parent with a 2-month-old infant who has been diagnosed with colic about ways to relieve colic. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for additional teaching?
- A. I should let my infant cry for at least 30 minutes before I respond.
- B. I will swaddle my infant tightly with a soft blanket.
- C. I should massage my infant's abdomen whenever possible.
- D. I will place my infant in an upright seat after feeding.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Letting an infant cry for prolonged periods can exacerbate colic and increase the infant's distress. It is better to respond promptly to soothe the baby. Other methods like swaddling, gentle massage, and keeping the infant upright can help relieve colic symptoms.
3. A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of teaching regarding care of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) that is in remission after administration of prednisone. The nurse realizes further teaching is required if the parents state what?
- A. We will keep our child away from anyone who is ill.
- B. We will be sure to administer the prednisone as ordered.
- C. We will encourage our child to eat a balanced diet, but we will watch his salt intake.
- D. We understand our child will not be able to attend school, so we will arrange for home schooling.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Children with MCNS in remission can usually return to school. Home schooling may be necessary only if there are complications. The other options show an understanding of proper care during remission.
4. What are classified as hydrocarbon poisons?
- A. All below
- B. Gasoline
- C. Turpentine
- D. Lighter fluid
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hydrocarbon poisons include substances like gasoline, turpentine, and lighter fluid, which are typically liquids derived from petroleum. Bleach is a corrosive substance, not a hydrocarbon.
5. The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed, as-needed antiemetic drug for a child diagnosed with cancer. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Administering the drug only if the child is nauseated.
- B. Administering the drug prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy.
- C. Administering the drug after the next dose of chemotherapy.
- D. Administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering the antiemetic prophylactically before the next dose of chemotherapy is the most appropriate action. This approach helps prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Waiting until the child is already nauseated, as stated in option A, is less effective as it is reactive rather than proactive. Administering the drug after chemotherapy, as in option C, may not be as beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Option D, administering the drug only if the child is experiencing diarrhea, is not relevant to the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea.