Nursing Elites

1. What is the main purpose of a healthcare proxy?

• A. To manage financial affairs
• B. To make medical decisions on behalf of the patient
• C. To provide legal representation
• D. To oversee patient discharge planning

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main purpose of a healthcare proxy is to make medical decisions on behalf of the patient when they are unable to do so. Choice A is incorrect as managing financial affairs is typically handled by a power of attorney for finances. Choice C is incorrect as a healthcare proxy is not meant to provide legal representation. Choice D is incorrect as overseeing patient discharge planning is a responsibility of healthcare providers, not a healthcare proxy.

2. Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy?

• A. Administering vaccinations
• B. Performing a surgical procedure
• C. Teaching healthy lifestyle choices
• D. Prescribing medication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering vaccinations is indeed an example of a primary prevention strategy. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it occurs by targeting the entire population or specific high-risk groups. Vaccinations help prevent the initial development of a disease by enhancing immunity against specific pathogens. Choices B, C, and D are not examples of primary prevention strategies. Performing a surgical procedure (Choice B) is a treatment intervention, not a preventive measure. Teaching healthy lifestyle choices (Choice C) falls under health promotion and education, which is more aligned with secondary prevention. Prescribing medication (Choice D) is typically associated with treatment rather than preventing the initial onset of a disease.

3. Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention activity?

• A. Administering immunizations
• B. Physical therapy for stroke patients
• C. Routine health screenings
• D. Health education campaigns

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, physical therapy for stroke patients. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and improve the quality of life for individuals who already have a disease or condition. Administering immunizations (choice A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Routine health screenings (choice C) are part of secondary prevention to detect diseases early. Health education campaigns (choice D) typically fall under primary prevention by educating and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent diseases.

4. The complexities of the current health care delivery systems require a variety of leadership styles. Which of the following leadership styles would be most effective in this environment?

• A. Autocratic leadership
• B. Laissez-faire leadership
• C. Transactional leadership
• D. Transformational leadership

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In complex health care environments, transformational leadership is the most effective style. This leadership approach focuses on inspiring and motivating staff towards a shared vision. Autocratic leadership (choice A) is too controlling and may not foster innovation and adaptability needed in complex systems. Laissez-faire leadership (choice B) lacks guidance and may lead to confusion in intricate healthcare settings. Transactional leadership (choice C) focuses on tasks and rewards, but may not be as effective in promoting innovation and change management required in complex health care delivery systems.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who reports difficulty falling asleep. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make?

• A. Watch a television program in bed before going to sleep.
• B. Drink a cup of hot cocoa before bedtime.
• C. Maintain a consistent time to wake up each day.
• D. Exercise 1 hour before going to bed.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Maintain a consistent time to wake up each day." Establishing a regular wake-up time helps regulate the body's internal clock and promotes better sleep patterns. Watching television in bed (Choice A) can actually hinder sleep due to the light emitted by screens affecting melatonin production. Drinking beverages with caffeine like hot cocoa (Choice B) close to bedtime can interfere with falling asleep. Exercising vigorously right before bed (Choice D) can increase alertness and make it harder to fall asleep.

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