ATI RN
ATI RN Exit Exam Quizlet
1. What is the best initial action when a patient presents with confusion?
- A. Administer IV fluids
- B. Perform a neurological assessment
- C. Administer electrolytes
- D. Prepare for a CT scan
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a patient presents with confusion, the best initial action is to perform a neurological assessment. This assessment helps in identifying potential causes of confusion such as neurological issues, infections, metabolic abnormalities, or medication side effects. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) may be necessary based on assessment findings, but it is not the first step. Administering electrolytes (Choice C) would also depend on the assessment results. Preparing for a CT scan (Choice D) may be indicated later in the diagnostic process but is not the initial action when a patient presents with confusion.
2. Which term should the nurse use to document a situation in which cells increase in size and function?
- A. Atrophy
- B. Hypertrophy
- C. Metaplasia
- D. Hyperplasia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hypertrophy is the correct term used to describe the situation in which cells increase in size and function. Atrophy (Choice A) is the opposite, indicating a decrease in cell size. Metaplasia (Choice C) refers to the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another. Hyperplasia (Choice D) involves an increase in the number of cells, not just an increase in size and function as in hypertrophy.
3. A client who has a new prescription for lisinopril is being taught by a nurse. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid using salt substitutes while taking this medication.
- B. I should take this medication with food to prevent nausea.
- C. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods while taking this medication.
- D. I should limit my fluid intake while taking this medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Lisinopril can increase potassium levels, so clients should avoid salt substitutes that contain potassium. Choice B is incorrect because lisinopril is usually taken on an empty stomach. Choice C is incorrect because lisinopril can lead to hyperkalemia, so increasing potassium-rich foods is not recommended. Choice D is incorrect because lisinopril can cause increased urination, so fluid intake should not be limited.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and refuses to use an incentive spirometer following major abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Demonstrate how to use the spirometer
- B. Set a realistic postoperative goal
- C. Determine the reasons why the client is refusing
- D. Request that a respiratory therapist discuss the technique
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse is to determine the reasons why the client is refusing to use the incentive spirometer. By understanding the client's concerns or issues, the nurse can address them effectively, provide education or support, and encourage the client to comply with the necessary postoperative care. This approach fosters a patient-centered care environment. Demonstrating how to use the spirometer (Choice A) may be important but is not the priority at this moment. Setting a realistic postoperative goal (Choice B) is relevant but not as immediate as understanding the client's refusal. Requesting a respiratory therapist (Choice D) can be considered later if needed, but the nurse's initial focus should be on understanding the client's perspective.
5. What are the clinical signs of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus, and how should a nurse respond?
- A. Monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin
- B. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
- C. Fatigue, blurred vision, and fruity breath
- D. Educating the patient on blood glucose monitoring
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct signs of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus are polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger). These symptoms indicate high blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct response for a nurse would be to recognize these signs, monitor blood glucose levels, and administer insulin to manage the hyperglycemia. Choice A is incorrect because it only addresses the response aspect without mentioning the signs. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the classic clinical signs of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
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