Nursing Elites

1. What is characteristic of a neonate’s vision?

• A. Pupils react to light
• B. Tear glands function
• C. Blink reflex is absent
• D. Ciliary muscles are mature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Pupils react to light.' Newborns' pupils do react to light, indicating that the visual pathway is functioning. However, a neonate's vision is still developing, and they can only focus on objects close to their face. Choice B is incorrect because tear glands are functional at birth. Choice C is incorrect because the blink reflex is present in neonates and helps protect their eyes. Choice D is incorrect as neonates' ciliary muscles are not fully developed.

2. A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of teaching regarding care of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) that is in remission after the administration of prednisone. The nurse realizes further teaching is required if the parents state what?

• A. We will keep our child away from anyone who is ill.
• B. We will be sure to administer the prednisone as ordered.
• C. We will encourage our child to eat a balanced diet, but we will watch his salt intake.
• D. We understand our child will not be able to attend school, so we will arrange for homeschooling.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Children with MCNS who are in remission can usually attend school and participate in normal activities with precautions to avoid infections. Home schooling may not be necessary, and this indicates a misunderstanding of the condition's management.

3. After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?

• A. Race
• B. School
• C. Social Class
• D. Government

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Schools play a significant role in providing continuity between generations by imparting cultural values, social norms, and knowledge to children.

4. What signs or symptoms are most commonly associated with the prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis?

• A. Bruising and lethargy
• B. Anorexia and malaise
• C. Fatigability and jaundice
• D. Dark urine and pale stools

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anorexia and malaise. The prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as anorexia (loss of appetite) and malaise (general feeling of discomfort). These symptoms typically precede the more specific signs of jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools that manifest in the icteric phase. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because bruising and lethargy, fatigability and jaundice, and dark urine and pale stools are typically seen in later stages of acute viral hepatitis, not in the prodromal phase.

5. Nurses should be alert for increased fluid requirements in which circumstance?

• A. Fever
• B. Mechanical ventilation
• C. Congestive heart failure
• D. Increased intracranial pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Fever increases metabolic rate, leading to insensible water loss, thus requiring increased fluid intake. Mechanical ventilation, CHF, and increased intracranial pressure generally require fluid restriction rather than increased fluid intake.

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