Nursing Elites

1. What is characteristic of a neonate’s vision?

• A. Pupils react to light
• B. Tear glands function
• C. Blink reflex is absent
• D. Ciliary muscles are mature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Pupils react to light.' Newborns' pupils do react to light, indicating that the visual pathway is functioning. However, a neonate's vision is still developing, and they can only focus on objects close to their face. Choice B is incorrect because tear glands are functional at birth. Choice C is incorrect because the blink reflex is present in neonates and helps protect their eyes. Choice D is incorrect as neonates' ciliary muscles are not fully developed.

2. An infant, age 5 months, is brought to the clinic by his parents for a well-baby checkup. What is the best advice that the nurse should include at this time about injury prevention?

• A. Keep buttons, beads, and other small objects out of his reach.
• B. Do not permit him to chew paint from window ledges because he might absorb too much lead.
• C. When he learns to roll over, you must supervise him whenever he is on a surface from which he might fall.
• D. Lock the crib sides securely because he may stand and lean against them and fall out of bed.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Small objects are a choking hazard for infants, so it is crucial to keep them out of reach to prevent injury.

3. The nurse is caring for a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?

• A. Occurs after a urinary tract infection
• B. Occurs after a streptococcal infection
• C. Associated with renal vascular disorders
• D. Is caused by E. coli

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Occurs after a streptococcal infection.' Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis often occurs after an infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria, specifically group A streptococcus. The body’s immune response to the infection leads to inflammation and damage in the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is primarily associated with streptococcal infections, not urinary tract infections, renal vascular disorders, or E. coli.

4. The clinic nurse is reviewing the immunization guidelines for hepatitis B. Which are true of the guidelines for this vaccine?

• A. The hepatitis B vaccination series should be begun at birth
• B. All are applicable
• C. Any child not vaccinated at birth should receive two doses at least 4 months apart
• D. An unimmunized 10-year-old child should receive three doses administered 4 weeks apart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccination should start at birth, and any child or adolescent not vaccinated should complete the series. Adolescents should receive three doses if they were not previously vaccinated.

5. What are signs and symptoms of a possible kidney transplant rejection in a child? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Fever
• B. Hypotension
• C. All are applicable
• D. Swelling and tenderness of graft area

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Signs of kidney transplant rejection include fever, diminished urinary output, and swelling/tenderness in the graft area. These symptoms indicate that the body may be rejecting the transplanted organ, requiring immediate medical attention.

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