Nursing Elites

1. What is a negative effect of immobility on the musculoskeletal system?

• A. Pressure injury
• B. Contractures
• C. Glucose intolerance
• D. Incontinence

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Contractures are a negative effect of immobility on the musculoskeletal system.

2. Most adults with human immunodeficiency virus will exhibit which of the following laboratory values?

• A. Higher than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are normal
• B. Lower than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and higher than normal CD8+ T-cells
• C. Higher than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are low
• D. Lower than normal number of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells are normal

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. A client with a diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?

• A. An opportunistic infection
• B. A root cause infection
• C. A pathogenic infection
• D. A nosocomial infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An opportunistic infection. In patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infections like pneumonia are considered opportunistic because they take advantage of a weakened immune system. Option B, root cause infection, is incorrect as it does not describe the nature of the infection in relation to the patient's condition. Option C, pathogenic infection, is incorrect because while pneumonia is caused by pathogens, in the context of HIV, it is specifically termed as an opportunistic infection. Option D, nosocomial infection, is also incorrect as it refers to infections acquired in a healthcare setting, not related to the patient's HIV status.

4. What soft tissue musculoskeletal injury is excessive stretching of a ligament?

• A. Sprain
• B. Ligament tear
• C. Strain
• D. Tendon rupture

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A sprain is an injury involving excessive stretching of a ligament.

5. What is the condition called when the client's pupils are different sizes and have been this way since childhood?

• A. Exophthalmos
• B. Anisocoria
• C. Strabismus
• D. Scleral edema

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Anisocoria is the correct answer. Anisocoria is the condition of having pupils of different sizes. Exophthalmos refers to abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, not pupil size difference. Strabismus is a condition where the eyes are not properly aligned with each other. Scleral edema is swelling of the sclera, the white part of the eye, and not related to differing pupil sizes.

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